TEDE Coleção: Doutorado em AgronomiaDoutorado em Agronomiahttp://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/9742024-03-29T09:47:24Z2024-03-29T09:47:24ZUma abordagem sobre os mecanismos de tolerância ao alumínio e papel mitigador do silício em milho pipocaYoshida, Camila Hatsu Pereirahttp://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/15502024-01-25T04:00:53Z2023-08-31T00:00:00ZTítulo: Uma abordagem sobre os mecanismos de tolerância ao alumínio e papel mitigador do silício em milho pipoca
Autor: Yoshida, Camila Hatsu Pereira
Primeiro orientador: Santos, Ana Cláudia Pacheco
Abstract: The cultivation of popcorn maize (Zea mays L. var. everta) is widely intended for human consumption, but its productivity can be affected in acidic soils, where aluminum (Al) toxicity is a problem. In this study, we investigated the effects of Al on two popcorn maize lineages: 11-133, Al-tolerant, and 11-60, Al-sensitive. We observed that Al did not affect the shoot growth, but it caused yellowing in the older leaf blade of the sensitive lineage. The tolerant lineage showed Al chelation mechanisms, resulting in minor alterations in the root structure and lower presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which is attributed to a more efficient enzymatic system, mainly due to the glutathione (GSH) metabolism. In the second experiment, we investigated the mitigating role of silicon (Si) against Al in popcorn plants. We observed that in the presence of Al there was a reduction in the root growth rate, but the addition of Si mitigated this negative effect, resulting in a reduction in the Al concentration in at root tips and a lower morphoanatomical impact. Si also modulated the metabolism of plants exposed to Al, increasing fructose, sucrose, total amino acids, and nitrate concentrations, while total protein concentrations decreased in Si-treated plants. These results indicate the potential of Si as a strategy to improve the development of crops in acidic soils and mitigate the negative effects of Al toxicity on popcorn plants.
Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-08-31T00:00:00ZDessecação de pastagem degradada e aplicação de resíduo de aviário para semeadura de primeiro cultivo de sojaZanfolin, Priscila Roberta Lemehttp://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/15292023-11-08T04:01:26Z2020-08-07T00:00:00ZTítulo: Dessecação de pastagem degradada e aplicação de resíduo de aviário para semeadura de primeiro cultivo de soja
Autor: Zanfolin, Priscila Roberta Leme
Primeiro orientador: Moro, Edemar
Abstract: Soybean is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world economy, it is considered one of the main responsible for the introduction of the concept of agribusiness in Brazil. However, the crop is not always implanted in soils with ideal physical and microbiological conditions. The application of a material rich in microorganisms, such as poultry waste, can benefit the crop. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of pasture desiccation times with and without the application of poultry manure on the physical and microbiological properties of the soil and on the productivity of the soybean crop. The experiment was carried out at in Presidente Bernardes-SP. The experiment was carried out in a factorial system in randomized blocks with subdivided plots. The first order experimental factor was the time of drying the pasture in five stages (180, 150, 120, 90 and 60 DAS (days before sowing) for the 16/17 and 160, 130, 100, 70 and 40 DAS seasons for the 17/18 harvest). The sub-plots were composed by the absence and application of poultry manure (0 and 2,500 kg ha-1 of poultry manure). Soil physical and biological attributes and soybean productivity were evaluated. Pasture desiccated at 90 DAS before soybean sowing provided improvements in soil physics and biology. The application of poultry litter after desiccation, accelerates the decomposition of the straw, however it did not increase the productivity of the soybean crop.
Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista
Tipo do documento: Tese2020-08-07T00:00:00ZEficiência do uso do N no sistema de manejo de leguminosas consorciadas à pastagem em solos arenososMoreira, Ana Carolina Mônicohttp://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/14962023-05-30T04:00:24Z2021-04-29T00:00:00ZTítulo: Eficiência do uso do N no sistema de manejo de leguminosas consorciadas à pastagem em solos arenosos
Autor: Moreira, Ana Carolina Mônico
Primeiro orientador: Santos, Carlos Henrique dos
Abstract: Nitrogen is considered an essential element for the development and growth of plants, but it is difficult to manage due to its high mobility in the soil that leads to greater losses by leaching, volatilization and denitrification. These losses can be more intense in sandy soils with low content of clay and organic matter. The great challenge from this is to accumulate organic matter in sandy textured soils to improve the conditions of the production system. The objective of the work was to quantify the improvement of the environment (soil) of crop growth in a crop-livestock integration system, with the supply of N through fertilization in cover or intercropping with legumes in pasture areas. The experiment was installed at the Experimental Farm of the Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, in Presidente Bernardes-SP, in a soil classified as red-yellow dystrophic argilúvico Latosol (EMBRAPA, 2006). The experimental design was defined in randomized blocks, with four replications: 1) Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) single with nitrogen fertilization cover; 2) Guinea grass intercropped with dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) without nitrogen fertilization; 3) Guinea grass without nitrogen top dressing and; 4) Guinea grass intercropped with Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java without nitrogen fertilization. Chapter 1: N-total and N-inorganic (N-NH4+ and N-NO3-) contents of the soil, COS content and C and N levels of microbial biomass were evaluated. Chapter 2: the volatilization rate of N-NH3 in the soil and the system (soil + plant) was evaluated. E Chapter 3: the accumulation of N-NH4+ and N-NO3- from the Mombasa leaf and the production of dry biomass was evaluated.
Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista
Tipo do documento: Tese2021-04-29T00:00:00ZConservação de políneas de espécies ameaçadas de Cattleya sp. em diferentes condições de armazenamentoFileti, Jéssica Fonteshttp://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/14862023-04-27T04:00:38Z2020-12-18T00:00:00ZTítulo: Conservação de políneas de espécies ameaçadas de Cattleya sp. em diferentes condições de armazenamento
Autor: Fileti, Jéssica Fontes
Primeiro orientador: Machado Neto, Nelson Barbosa
Abstract: Cattleya are orchids commonly used for ornamentation. The intense collecting pressure of native plants and environment degradation has increased the number of plants under extinction. The use of germplasm banks is crescent to preserve and propagate these plants. The objective of this work was to study the storage conditions for conservation of políneas, evaluating the quality of the pollineas since their collection, and the production of seeds based on the stored and fresh pollineas. Cattleya kautskyana and C. intermedia were used as model species. Pollineas were conditioned at different Relative Humidity (RH) obtained by silica gel (4.5% RH) and lithium chloride solutions (g/100 mL): 30% RH (52 g), 50% RH (36.4 g) e 80% RH (17.1 g) and stored at 5, -18 and -196 ºC. After equilibration pollineas germination was scored periodically and after one year the políneas were used to pollinate fresh flowers. Seed capsules were collected and evaluated by germination and tetrazolium test. Data were expressed in percentage in average values and standard error and submitted to analysis of variation and compared by the Scott-Knot test. The storage effect varied between pollineas of both species being able to produce fruits and seeds. Pollineas of Cattleya intermedia were more affected by storage, because they pollineas were not able to set fruits in any treatments stored at 5 ºC or a few at -18 or -196 ºC, and even the seeds produced by Cattleya intermedia showed poor vigour. Cattleya kautskyana pollineas were more tolerant to most of conditions of storage, with a higher capsule setting and seed filling with high viability and germination, including some treatments stored at 5 ºC. There were differences between lipid composition, which affect the storability and viability of the pollineas. Cattleya intermedia showed a high lipid content and with high amounts of saturated fatty acids implying in poor storability. Crioconservation at -196 ºC was better for both species but the RH for equilibrium might be different.
Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista
Tipo do documento: Tese2020-12-18T00:00:00Z