http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/504 Mestrado em Agronomia 2026-04-08T18:07:19Z http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1755 Título: Identificação e caracterização molecular da família das expansinas no fruto do Coffea arábica L. Autor: Lobo, Luís Gustavo Gomes Primeiro orientador: Santos, Tiago Benedito dos Abstract: The mechanism of fruit development in coffee plants is characterized by intense cell division, elongation and relaxation of the cell wall, processes related to the action of certain proteins, including expansins. Expansins (EXPs) represent a gene family and symbol in four subfamilies: α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA) and expansin-like B (EXLB). The aim of this study was to characterize expansins using bioinformatics tools and the molecular characterization of coffee fruits in the perisperm, endosperm and pericarp phases. The characterization of these genes began with the collection of information contained in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and Phytozome databases. Then, the following tools were used: ExPASsy and GRAVY (for physicochemical information); PlantmPLoc (subcellular localization); TAIR (orthologous genes); Gene structure: GSDS (exon/intro); MapGene2chromosomoe (MG2C- physical mapping of chromosomes); sequence alignment using MEGA 11 (phylogenetic analysis); Phyre2 (3D protein structures); MEME (Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation- conserved domains); PlantCARE (gene regulatory regions); and TBtools information on Ka/Ks (non-coincident and symbolic) and collinearity test. For gene expression, C. arabica L. grains were found at four development stages (30 DAF, 90 DAF, 120 DAF and 180 DAF) and subjected to qRT- PCR (quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR) analysis. Forty-five expansin genes were characterized in silico and their physicochemical patterns contained a variation of 240-300 amino acids (aa), molecular weight 21.18 to 32.27 kDa, isoelectric point (pI) 4.35 to 9.68, and all were located in the cell wall. However, it was observed that their appearances seemed hydrophobic. The gene structure (exon/introns) varied from 2/1 to 6/5. The phylogenetic relationship classified them according to the four expansin subfamilies, forming five groups. The genes were unevenly distributed in the 11 chromosomes of C. arabica L.. The conserved domains varied from two to five. The DPBB and CBM63 domains were described in their 3D structures of each protein. In the synthesis of the CaEXPA genes, it showed greater similarity with the genomes of Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, and the duplication of some genes was positive in the Ka/Ks analysis. The qRT-PCR result showed that the CaEXPA1, CaEXPA2, CaEXPA4, CaEXPA6, CaEXLA10, and CaEXLB11 genes were expressed during the four periods of fruit development. The CaEXPA1 gene showed greater pressure during 30 DAF, 90 DAF, and 120 DAF, while the CaEXPA4 gene was the most expressed among the genes evaluated, having a high expression in all periods of coffee bean development. This information establishes the basis for future research on the functional characteristics and molecular mechanisms of expansion genes in C. arabica L. in different coffee bean development projects. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-04-16T00:00:00Z http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1750 Título: Mix de plantas de cobertura reduzem o acesso ao potássio não trocável em solos arenosos Autor: Pieri, Julia Roberta Sanches Primeiro orientador: Volf, Marcelo Rapahel Abstract: Potassium (K) deficiency can be common in Brazilian soils, especially in sandy-textured ones, requiring management strategies to improve nutrient use efficiency. Cover crops play a central role in this process, as they not only absorb K from the exchangeable and non-exchangeable fractions but also promote its cycling through straw decomposition, increasing the surface availability of the nutrient and reducing leaching losses. Potassium in the soil is found in different fractions (solution, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and structural), which, to varying degrees, regulate its availability to plants. This study evaluated the impact of different cover crop associations on the availability and utilization of exchangeable (Ke) and non-exchangeable (Kne) potassium, as well as the rhizospheric effect of these plants on the bioavailability of this nutrient. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was carried out in the field during the 2023/24 season in Presidente Bernardes (SP), under a randomized block design with five treatments, consisting of different cover crop compositions: fallow, Brachiaria, Brachiaria + millet, millet + velvet bean, and a mixed system. The cover crops were grown during the cotton off-season, fertilized, and subsequently desiccated for direct sowing of the crop. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm at two time points: before sowing and 90 days after emergence (DAE). The cover crops were sampled before cotton sowing, and cotton plants were sampled at the same time as the second soil collection (90 DAE). Exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents, K balance, and the contribution of Kne to the total K absorbed by cotton were determined. Brachiaria showed the highest dry matter production and contributed to higher Ke levels in the upper soil layers compared to fallow. Regarding K balance, all cover crop systems utilized reserves of Kne, with millet + velvet bean showing the highest efficiency. Experiment 2 was conducted in a greenhouse at UNOESTE, under a randomized block design with eight replicates, evaluating four cover crop systems (Mix, Brachiaria, Millet, and Velvet bean) with and without K fertilization (equivalent to 150 kg ha⁻¹ KCl). Plants were cultivated using the planar rhizosphere technique, obtained by growing them in pots that allowed root mat formation. After 45 days, the soil was sliced into millimetric layers (0–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–5, and 5–10 mm) for exchangeable and non-exchangeable K analysis, while roots and shoots were dried to determine dry matter. Brachiaria, both with and without K application, provided the highest exchangeable K (Ke) contents, while millet only showed increased Ke with K fertilization. The Mix treatment resulted in the lowest Ke values, with or without fertilization, especially in the layers closest to the plant rhizosphere. For non-exchangeable K (Kne), the Mix treatment showed the highest values across all depths, whereas Brachiaria and millet exhibited lower concentrations. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-11-12T00:00:00Z http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1730 Título: Uso de carvão e biochar associado ao Bacillus Subtilis na promoção do crescimento da cultura do milho Autor: Ferreira, Elymar José da Silva Primeiro orientador: Araújo, Fábio Fernando Abstract: The use of soil conditioners associated with rhizobacteria can provide changes in soil quality, allowing advances in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of the use of biochar and charcoal associated with Bacillus subtilis on soil microbial activity and corn yield. The experiment was conducted in two locations with distinct soils (sandy and clayey) in the corn second crop under cerrado conditions in the year 2024. The treatments consisted of the application of charcoal and biochar alone or associated with B. subtilis before corn sowing. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The evaluation of soil microbial activity was performed, represented by the analysis of microbial biomass, respiration and enzymatic activity of the soil and corn growth at 60 days and at the end of the crop cycle, the evaluation of corn grain yield was performed. Distinct responses were found in soil biological properties as a function of the addition of residues and rhizobacteria. The introduction of Bacillus subtilis increased the activity of dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase enzymes, while charcoal increased the activity of glucosidase and phosphatase in sandy soil. In addition, the isolated inoculation of B. subtilis showed the best performance in promoting corn yield in two evaluated locations. The study was conducted in a limited experimental period, which may have influenced the results of the treatments used. The interaction between biochar and B. subtilis, as well as between charcoal and B. subtilis, did not show differences between the treatments evaluated in the experiment. The introduction of this rhizobacteria may represent a promising strategy for improving soil biological quality and agronomic performance of corn crops, especially in the short term. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-04-23T00:00:00Z http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1725 Título: Mudanças na comunidade bacteriana do solo em função de sistema de cultivo da soja e formas de inoculação de Bacillus subtilis Autor: Zerbinatti, Maria Clara Primeiro orientador: Araújo, Fabio Fernando Abstract: Integrated systems with soybean cultivation in the summer and pastures in the offseason, as well as the use of biological inputs, have been studied to maximize production and reduce environmental impact. The present study aimed to evaluate different forms of application of Bacillus subtilis in soybean crops in cropping systems already consolidated in the field and its effect on the soil bacterial community. The experiment was designed in a double factorial, during the 2023/24 harvest in an area with an integrated crop-livestock system established since 2017 using the cultivation systems: Soybean - fallow and Soybean - Urochloa ruziziensis. Within these systems, treatments were carried out with application of B. subtilis via sowing furrow, transport of the bacteria by organic compost and also with application in total soil, in order to evaluate microbial activity and changes in the microbiome both in the total soil and rhizosphere, as well as soil fertility attributes and soybean growth. The application of Bacillus subtilis caused changes in the frequency of bacterial genera of agricultural importance in the composition of the soybean rhizosphere microbiome when applied via seed furrow and compost. In total soil, the application was not sufficient to cause changes in the microbiome, but it caused changes in microbial activity attributes and also in greater phosphorus absorption by soybean. The application of the compost also stood out, increasing phosphorus and foliar nitrogen in the integrated system. The functionality of bacterial genes related to the nitrogen cycle was increased by the application of B. subtilis in the seed furrow and via organic compost. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-06-13T00:00:00Z