Morfologia e morfometria de feridas tratadas com biopolímero de quitosana/xantana/β-glicana e plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo (PRPa)

Abstract

Promising results in the regeneration of skin lesions have been demonstrated with the use of products of natural origin (organic), such as dermal dressings made of polysaccharides (chitosan complexed with xanthan), as they promote a hydrated and thermally insulating microenvironment, allowing exchanges gaseous; and sources rich in growth factors such as autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRPa), which contains transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β), vascular endothelial (VEGF) and platelet-derived (PDGF), responsible for stimulating the cascade inflammation and healing. The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of a polymeric membrane (chitosan, xanthan and β-glycan) and PRPa in healing “in vivo”, used alone or in combination. For the tests, rabbits underwent a surgical procedure to induce the lesion and were divided into a control group (GC), membrane group (GM), PRPa group (GPa) and membrane group associated with PRPa (GMPa), being evaluated at moments M0, M7, M14, M21 and M28 (28 days). The variables wound color and exudation, presence of infection and inflammation, formation of granulation, scarring and necrotic tissue, and morphological and morphometric analysis were analyzed. Statistical analyzes of the results were performed using the Software R® software, adopting a significance level of 5%. Differences between treatments in healing time were not statistically significant (p>0.05), and wounds showed 100% retraction at M21; significant differences were observed between the moments (p<0,05), showing that the complexed membrane alone or in combination with PRPa contributes to a humid environment and gas exchange necessary for healing, in addition to antimicrobial activity. Likewise, on the 7th day of healing, Gpa and GMPa contributed to a percentage of 29.71% and 21.65% in wound retraction, respectively, while the control group with 16.96%. From M7 to M14 statistically significant differences (p<0,05) were observed in the percentage of wound retraction in 55.66%, 54.88%, 38.38% and 40.22% for groups GC, GM, GPa and GMPa respectively. It is concluded that PRPa alone or associated with a membrane can effectively contribute to the healing of experimental surgical wounds, as they contribute to more significant percentages of retraction in the first 7 days of treatment when compared to other treatments, in addition to providing an adequate microenvironment for healing.