ESCOLHA DE ÁREA PARA ATERRO SANITÁRIO EM MEIOS POROSOS: O CASO DO MUNICÍPIO DE ANHUMAS (SP)

Abstract

Given the legal requirements established by the National Solid Waste (Law 12.305 / 10) for the controlled dumps and landfills until August 2014, recently extended for another 4 (four) years and a locational issue of deposits are closed waste, this research fits as an aid to small towns in the region of Presidente Prudente - SP, Anhumas being the main object of study. The choice of the city of Anhumas for this work was based on the representation of its surroundings, where the characteristics of the physical environment and land use have great similariedade with the regional context. Thus, the main objective is to propose a methodological adaptation of landscape theory, serving as a support for a new model of analysis and choice of sites with potential for the installation of sanitary landfills. For this, we initially fostered the literature related to the theory works and landscape analysis, geoecology, environmental planning and solid waste disposal, and then establish the elements and criteria to be used during the development of the research. In a second step, the inventory step, information about the landscape of the city were raised, registering them with the support of cartographically geographic information system SPRING, which later supported the generation units of legal restriction, synthesis of environmental fragility (Ross, 1994) and landscape. As part of the diagnostic study, mapping the ecodinâmicas units of potential instability (stable) and emergent instability (unstable) allowed to classify areas of greatest weakness, with the first classes ranging from very low (1) to very high (5) being and the second medium (3) to very high (5). These results demonstrated the escasses of location alternatives in the city of Anhumas depending on the sectors of fragility of the physical environment, together with the relevant technical and legal constraints. Aiming to synthesize all the information gathered in the study area, showed up landscape units, which represent the homologous areas of vocation or not to install the project in question. Therefore, one can conclude that this method of choosing the area for landfill provides important information to small municipalities, like Anhumas, not yet have adapted to the requirements set forth by art. 54 of National Solid Waste, choose regions with greater aptitude for installation of sanitary landfills. However, it is noteworthy that once defined the region with potential for such activity to actually install the landfill is still needed specific previous studies, which were not possible to perform a function of scale approach.