Efeito da adubação orgânica utilizando esterco de aves e esterco bovino curtido associado com lâminas de irrigação em Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert

Abstract

The Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert is a plant from to the Asteraceae family. It is grown in temperate climates having adequate growing conditions in southern and southeastern Brazil. Its cultivation has increased due to its of their medical use for the extraction of essential oil and fractions of flavonoids for the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The use of organic fertilizer such as cattle manure and poultry manure, provides higher yields of essential oil and the production of flavonoids. There are few studies related to the agronomic management of medicinal plants, with the need to study the appropriate depths of irrigation and nutrition to obtain a high production and quality. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation water depths and organic fertilization with cattle and poultry manure on the production and quality of Chamomilla recutita plants. This study was conducted at Unoeste - Campus II in an experimental area. The experimental design was randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of the irrigation: T0) 0, T1) 150, T2) 100, T3) 75, T4) 50, T5) 25%Etc were calculated using the Class A tank (ECA), associating organic fertilizers used the tanned cattle manure and poultry manure at rates of 0 kg m-2, 3 kg m-2 and 5 kg m-2. Were 36 treatments with four replicates resulting in 144 plots. The measured variables used as parameters on this experiment were: plant height, (two week after seedling transplant and the flowering beginning), fresh and dry weight of plants after harvest, number of capitula, nutrients extraction on the fresh leaves, proline acumlation, content and yield of flavonoids and essecial oil. The statistical analysis was performed using the Scott-Knott test at a probability of 5%. The irrigation water dephts 150% ETc associated with fertilization with chicken manure at a dose 5 kg m-2 promoted the greatest plant growth, production, fresh and dry weight of capitula. The water stress promoted less fresh and dry weight of plant. The water stress caused by the irrigation water dephts of 150% and 0% ETc resulted in a higher concentration of proline in the leaves. The content and yield of flavonoids and essential oil and leaf N content were higher for the irrigation of 150% ETc associated with a dose of 5 kg m-2 of poultry manure. The non-irrigated plants had higher leaf content of macronutrients.