Efeitos da suplementação dos óleos de linhaça e castanha-do-Pará sobre parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation effects of flaxseed oil and Brazil nuts oil on lipid parameters, liver enzymes, weight, and body fat deposit of male and female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet. Were studied 64 rats divided into 4 groups (8 males and 8 females): Control group: fed with commercial feed; Group DPH: cafeteria or palatable hyperlipidic diet (PHD), Group DPH+Li: PHD and supplemented with flaxseed oil; Group DPH+ Ca: PHD and supplemented with Brazil nut oil. The animals were weighed weekly, and in weeks 5 and 12 were assessed measures of body length and girth. After 12 weeks blood was collected for determination of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), triglycerides, enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), collection and weighing the retroperitoneal fat. It was noted that different effects were observed in males and females supplemented with oils. The Brazil nut oil supplementation in males promoted higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, while in female LDL values were lower than those of PHD and DPH+Li groups and similar to the control, with an increase in HDL males and females. In addition, this oil delayed weight gain and abdominal fat deposition, only in males. Supplementation with flaxseed oil in males promoted lower levels of LDL, while LDL in females was greater than the control and PHD+Ca groups. Delay in weight gain in males and females was observed, as well as less abdominal fat accumulation in females. It is concluded that in the supplementation with flaxseed oil and Brazil nut oil, in rats submitted to PHD, it is important to consider the genre. The Brazil nut oil improves the lipid profile but provides gain weight faster and higher accumulation of abdominal fat in females, while worsening the lipid profile and reduces weight gain and abdominal fat accumulation in males. In both genders, the nut-Para was favorable on HDL. In contrast, the linseed oil produced opposite effects, with improved lipid profile in males and worsens in females, retardation of weight gain in both genders, and increased accumulation of abdominal fat than the Brazil nut oil in males. It should be consider the benefits and possible effects that these supplements produce in males and females, before starting supplementation with oils rich in PUFA