Avaliação do dano genético no uso repetido de anestésicos locais: um estudo experimental em ratos

Abstract

Studies with some local anesthetics showed that these can cause genetic damage. But local anesthetics has not been tested against the genotoxicity of repeated use. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of local anesthetics with single dose and repeated, through the micronucleus test. Methods: We used 80 Wistar rats, male, 12 weeks old, divided into 6 groups: A - 16 rats received lidocaine hydrochloride intraperitoneally (4.4 mg / kg), B - 16 rats received 3% mepivacaine intraperitoneally (4.4 mg / kg), C - 16 rats received 4% articaine intraperitoneally (7.0 mg / kg) D - 16 rats received prilocaine 3% intraperitoneally (6.0 mg / kg) E - 08 rats received cyclophosphamide in single subcutaneous dose (50mg/kg) (positive control group) F - 08 rats received 0.5 ml of saline intraperitoneally (negative control group). Eight rats from Group A, B, C and D received the dose of anesthetic only once at the first day of the experiment and the remainder were dosed daily for five days. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a multiple comparisons Student-Newman-Keuls test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The median of micronuclei in the lidocaine group exposed for 1 day was 1.00 and by 5 days was 0.50, mepivacaine for 1 day and for 5 days was 1.00, articaine for 1 day was 1.00 and for 5 days 0.00, prilocaine for 1 day and 5 days was 0.00, cyclophosphamide was 10.00 and the negative control group exposed for 1 day was 1.00 and exposed for 5 days was 0.00 (p<0.0001). There was a statistical difference between the number of micronuclei in relation to the positive control group and all local anesthetics studied (related to the anesthetic type and duration of exposure) (p=0.0001) but not for the negative control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no increase in micronuclei frequency in relation to exposure to 1 or 5 days in all local anesthetics evaluated.