TEDE Coleção: Doutorado em Fisiopatologia e Saúde Animal

Toxocaríase em comunidades indígenas brasileiras: uma abordagem em saúde única

2025-12-02T04:01:52Z

Título: Toxocaríase em comunidades indígenas brasileiras: uma abordagem em saúde única Autor: Ferreira, Isabella Braghin Primeiro orientador: Santarém, Vamilton Alvares Abstract: Toxocariasis is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease that can disproportionately affect socioeconomically vulnerable populations, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Indigenous populations are susceptible to infection by Toxocara spp. due to inadequate infrastructure and limited access to health care and veterinary assistance. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the scenario of toxocariasis in Brazilian indigenous communities located in the states of São Paulo and Paraná (scientific paper 1) and in the Brazil-Paraguay-Argentina tri-border region (scientific paper 2) from a One Health perspective. Blood samples were collected from indigenous people to investigate the presence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies, along with the application of a socioepidemiological questionnaire to identify possible risk factors associated to seropositivity. Feces and dog hair samples, as well as soil samples, were also collected to assess the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs. The serological results indicated high prevalence in the indigenous population, showing seropositivity in 342/463 (73.9%; 95% CI: 70.0–77.7) individuals from the communities of Paraná and São Paulo, and in 246/258 (95.3%; 95% CI: 92.1–97.3) indigenous people from the tri-border region. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 9/194 (4.6%) feces samples and in 4/204 (2.0%) hair samples from dogs in the communities of Paraná and São Paulo; while Toxocara spp. eggs were observed in 8/124 (6.5%) feces samples from dogs in the tri-border community. Soil contamination by T. canis eggs was confirmed by molecular characterization of eggs recovered from positive soil samples from communities in the state of Paraná (36/90; 40.0%) and the tri-border region (30/74; 40.5%). These findings highlight the intense exposure of indigenous populations to Toxocara spp., where transmission is sustained by a combination of infrastructure, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, emphasizing the importance of integrated interventions in indigenous territories to promote animal and human health and education using One Health approaches. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese

Efeitos de diferentes modalidades de exercícios e intervenção nutricional sobre biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e aspectos histopatológicos musculares: evidências de estudos pré-clínicos na obesidade e isquemia e reperfusão

2025-12-02T04:01:43Z

Título: Efeitos de diferentes modalidades de exercícios e intervenção nutricional sobre biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e aspectos histopatológicos musculares: evidências de estudos pré-clínicos na obesidade e isquemia e reperfusão Autor: Engel, Letícia Estevam Primeiro orientador: Pacagnelli, Francis Lopes Abstract: High-fat diets (HFD) and sedentary lifestyles are directly associated with obesity, which leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the inclusion of functional foods, such as chia oil, recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can mitigate these negative effects. In parallel, regular physical exercise significantly influences oxidative stress levels, promoting muscle benefits and cardioprotective effects. The objective of this thesis was to develop two studies: 1) to evaluate the effects of aerobic physical exercise alone or in combination with chia oil supplementation on the modulation of oxidative stress and histopathological parameters in skeletal muscle in experimental models of obesity; and 2) to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in animals with ischemia-reperfusion injury in relation to cardiac oxidative stress. In the first study, 35 60-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control (C), fed a standard chow diet; (2) HFD, fed a high-fat diet ad libitum; (3) HFD+Ex, fed HFD and swimming three times a week; (4) HFD+CO, receiving HFD with chia oil supplementation via gavage at a dose of 1 mL/day, three times a week; and (5) HFD+Ex+CO, fed HFD, swimming and supplemented with chia oil. After 8 weeks, the rats were euthanized and the soleus muscles were collected, weighed and processed for histopathological, morphometric and oxidative stress analyses. Chia oil supplementation reduced collagen accumulation and protein carbonylation, while aerobic exercise alone improved collagen deposition but increased protein carbonylation. The combination of both interventions effectively reduced weight gain and adipose stores. Furthermore, in the second article, a meta-analysis examined the effects of HIIT on markers of oxidative stress in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a condition characterized by transient interruption of blood flow followed by reperfusion, leading to cellular damage. Six studies with 88 rats were analyzed, revealing that HIIT significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase. Although HIIT appears beneficial in increasing antioxidant defenses, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings. In conclusion, both aerobic training combined with chia oil and HIIT demonstrate potential benefits in improving muscle and cardiac parameters related to oxidative stress. These findings highlight the importance of functional nutrition supplementation and structured exercise programs to combat metabolic disorders and skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese

Avaliação in vitro e in vivo do potencial anestésico da neosaxitoxina em bloqueios perineurais

2025-09-23T04:02:02Z

Título: Avaliação in vitro e in vivo do potencial anestésico da neosaxitoxina em bloqueios perineurais Autor: Ribeiro, Matheus Rocha Primeiro orientador: Andrade, Silvia Maria Caldeira Franco Abstract: Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) is a potent neurotoxin with long-lasting local anesthetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NeoSTX in two distinct experimental models: an in vitro study using a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation and a clinical study assessing peribulbar block in dogs. In the first study, eight male Unib:SW mice were euthanized with isoflurane followed by exsanguination. Hemi-diaphragms and their respective phrenic nerves were isolated and mounted in a myographic system containing Tyrode's solution maintained at 37°C and aerated with carbogen (95% O₂ + 5% CO₂). The preparations were tensioned at 1 g/cm² and stimulated with supramaximal pulses (0.1 Hz; 0.2 ms). After stabilization of contractile responses, increasing concentrations of NeoSTX (32 nM, 100 nM, 320 nM, 1 μM, and 3.2 μM) were applied, with responses recorded by an isometric transducer coupled to the LabScribe4 system. In the second study, 22 dogs were randomly allocated into two groups: NeoSTX Group (G-NeoSTX, n=11), receiving 3.5 μg of NeoSTX, and Bupivacaine Group (G-Bupi, n=11), receiving 0.5% bupivacaine (0.2 mL/kg). All animals were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg IM) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg IM), induced with propofol (effect-dose IV), and maintained with isoflurane/O₂. The peribulbar block was performed immediately after intubation. Cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO₂, ETCO₂, and mean arterial pressure) and end-tidal isoflurane concentration (ETiso) were monitored during the procedure. Pain was assessed using numerical descriptive scales (0-4) before medication (baseline) and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-extubation. Rescue analgesia (methadone 0.3 mg/kg IM) was administered when necessary. Results showed that in the in vitro study, NeoSTX at 3.2 μM concentration induced complete neuromuscular blockade within 120 minutes, with times to 50% and 90% blockade of 8.8 ± 1.5 minutes and 12.9 ± 2.8 minutes, respectively. In the clinical study, G-NeoSTX exhibited significantly longer analgesia duration (956 ± 202 minutes) compared to G-Bupi (331 ± 59 minutes; p=0.001), lower ETiso values (p=0.0006-0.04), and shorter recovery time (p<0.05), with no significant differences in cardiorespiratory parameters between groups. In conclusion, NeoSTX demonstrated dose-dependent neuromuscular blockade in vitro and provided longer-lasting analgesia in vivo compared to bupivacaine, representing a promising alternative for locoregional anesthesia. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese

Aspectos ecoepidemiológicos da febre maculosa brasileira na região do médio Paranapanema, estado de São Paulo

2025-08-09T04:00:26Z

Título: Aspectos ecoepidemiológicos da febre maculosa brasileira na região do médio Paranapanema, estado de São Paulo Autor: Xavier, Iara Giordano Rosa Primeiro orientador: Santarém, Vamilton Alvares Abstract: Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), caused by Rickettsia spp. bacteria is a tick-borne transmitted disease, mainly Amblyomma spp. Over the years, BSF has led to a severe and highly lethal infection in Brazil, more frequently in the State of São Paulo. The current study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of BSF and the acarological investigation in the Middle Paranapanema River region, western São Paulo state, based on BSF cases reported to the Disease Notification Information System (SINAN) between 2007 and 2021. The gathered informations were ploteed and case distribution were mapped. Uni and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factor for BSF. A total of 74 positive cases out of 1138 notifications, in 16 municipalities. A high level of lethality was observed in the studied region (68.9%). Amblyomma sculptum was the most frequently tick observed in the acarological investigation. Logistic regression revealed a higher risk to BSF in people who lived in rural areas. According to the plotted maps, two BSF clusters were observed in the region. In addition, an area with no case notification was verified among the two cluster. Our results reinforce the importance of educative programs to reduce the access of people to local infested by ticks, beyond the retraining of healthcare professionals in campaigns to anticipate the distribution and mortality of BSF across the region. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese