TEDE Coleção: Doutorado em Fisiopatologia e Saúde Animal

Pediococcus acidilactici CE51 e seus pós-bióticos: efeitos na integridade intestinal, inflamação e complicações musculares associadas à doença inflamatória intestinal

2026-09-19T04:00:29Z

Título: Pediococcus acidilactici CE51 e seus pós-bióticos: efeitos na integridade intestinal, inflamação e complicações musculares associadas à doença inflamatória intestinal Autor: Bueno, Emili Bruna Toso Primeiro orientador: Eller, Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions characterized by persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, often associated with systemic alterations such as intestinal dysbiosis and metabolic impairment. Among these complications, sarcopenia stands out, negatively impacting patients’ quality of life and prognosis. In this context, there is a growing interest in innovative therapeutic strategies, such as the use of probiotics and, more recently, postbiotics, due to their potential to modulate the microbiota and the inflammatory response. This thesis aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Pediococcus acidilactici CE51 and its postbiotics in modulating intestinal inflammation and systemic complications associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with emphasis on sarcopenia. Article 1, a review study, aimed to critically analyze the scientific evidence regarding the role of postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria in the management of muscle complications associated with IBD. The methodology consisted of a narrative literature review, including experimental and clinical studies related to the pathophysiology of sarcopenia, intestinal microbiota, and mechanisms of action of postbiotics. The results demonstrated that chronic intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, and metabolic alterations directly contribute to the loss of muscle mass and function, and that metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bioactive peptides, and exopolysaccharides exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and muscle metabolism-modulating effects, highlighting their potential in the prevention and attenuation of sarcopenia associated with IBD. Article 2 aimed to evaluate the effects of the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici CE51 and its cell-free supernatant in an experimental model of indomethacin-induced enteropathy. A total of 45 male Wistar rats were used, distributed into five groups: CMC (control – 200 µL/kg), I (indomethacin 10 mg/kg), IP (indomethacin + probiotic 10⁸ CFU), ICFS (indomethacin + cell-free supernatant 200 µL/kg), and IS (indomethacin + sulfasalazine 10 mg/kg). The animals were pretreated for 28 days and then subjected to inflammatory induction for 4 days, totaling approximately 32 days of experimentation. Inflammatory induction resulted in a significant reduction in weight gain (p<0.05), moderate intestinal inflammation, and important systemic alterations, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoproteinemia. A marked increase in genotoxic damage was observed in the I group, with a significant elevation in micronucleus frequency compared to the control (p<0.05). Regarding treatments, the ICFS and IS groups showed significant recovery in platelet counts (p<0.05) and increased leukocyte levels compared to the inflammatory group. The IS group demonstrated more pronounced improvement in albumin and total protein levels (p<0.05), while the ICFS group stood out for its modulation of the intestinal microbiota, with a significant increase in Lactobacillaceae and the genus Lactobacillus (p<0.05), along with a reduction in dysbiosis-associated groups. Additionally, the treated groups (IP, ICFS, and IS) showed a significant reduction in micronucleus frequency compared to the I group (p<0.05), with values close to the control group. Overall, the cell-free supernatant (ICFS) demonstrated greater biological consistency compared to the probiotic, particularly in microbiota modulation and reduction of systemic damage, although without complete reversal of all induced alterations. These findings reinforce the potential of postbiotics as a more stable and effective therapeutic alternative, contributing to the advancement of innovative strategies for the management of IBD and its systemic complications. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese

Avaliação do perfil sanguíneo, desempenho, protozoários ruminais e da qualidade da carne de cordeiros confinados suplementados com concentrado de urucum encapsulado

2026-08-08T04:06:56Z

Título: Avaliação do perfil sanguíneo, desempenho, protozoários ruminais e da qualidade da carne de cordeiros confinados suplementados com concentrado de urucum encapsulado Autor: Silva, Isabella Guartieri da Primeiro orientador: Astophi, Marilice Zundt Abstract: Lamb feedlot is a strategy to meet domestic meat demand, but it can generate metabolic stress and impact animal homeostasis, especially in hot climates. Annatto, rich in carotenoids, has antioxidant properties that can contribute to animal health and meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding annatto concentrate encapsulated in sodium alginate on lamb metabolism, lipid oxidation, meat quality, performance, and ruminal protozoa. The experiment was conducted at UNOESTE with 32 ½ Suffolk lambs confined and divided into four groups: control (no addition of encapsulated annatto concentrate), Group 0.15%, Group 0.3%, and Group 0.45% of encapsulated annatto concentrate per kg of feed consumed. The animals were slaughtered when they reached 37,25 ± 2,47 kg of live weight. Feed intake and conversion data were calculated for performance, as well as the count and classification of protozoa present in the ruminal fluid. The animals were weighed before and after slaughter to control carcass yield. The Longissimus lumborum muscles were analyzed for color, including the ΔE index, as well as marbling, centesimal composition, shear force (SC), lipid oxidation (TBARS), and iron reduction potential (FRAP). Statistical analysis was performed in RStudio software, using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and, as necessary, Tukey's test (5%) or analysis of variance. The results indicated that annatto supplementation influenced the intensity of the red color (p=0.0331), reducing the a* values in Group 0.15% and Group 0.3% (14.98 and 14.64). Lipid oxidation also varied between groups (p=0.0454), being lower in the 0.3% Group (0.252 mg MDA/kg) compared to the 0.45% Group (0.465 mg MDA/kg). However, there was no significant impact on productive performance, centesimal composition, pH, marbling, FC, or FRAP. Supplementation with encapsulated annatto positively modulated metabolic and meat quality parameters, reducing serum cholesterol and lipid oxidation (TBARS), in addition to intensifying the red color in a visually perceptible manner (ΔE). These effects occurred without compromising productive performance, nutritional composition, or technological characteristics of the meat, indicating the potential of annatto as a natural additive to improve the quality and commercial appeal of the product. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese

Bisfenol A e seus impactos tóxicos na reprodução

2026-05-22T04:01:54Z

Título: Bisfenol A e seus impactos tóxicos na reprodução Autor: Deak, Fernanda Luiza Guinossi Barbosa Primeiro orientador: Castilho, Anthony César de Souza Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA), widely used in plastics and epoxy resins, is a concern due to its ability to interfere with reproductive physiology, embryonic development, and molecular mechanisms associated with its toxicity as an endocrine disruptor. This integrative literature review systematizes in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence on embryotoxicity, gonadal effects, molecular pathways, and transgenerationality associated with BPA exposure. The results indicate that exposure to the compound compromises embryonic development from the early stages, reducing cleavage rates and blastocyst formation, as well as increasing apoptosis and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations that directly affect embryonic competence are also observed. Regarding gonadal effects, there is a reduction in oocyte quality, alterations in meiotic maturation, spindle disorganization, follicular atresia, and ovarian steroidogenesis dysfunction. At the molecular level, BPA acts primarily by binding to estrogen receptors, inducing reactive oxygen species, modulating apoptotic pathways, and causing epigenetic alterations. Further evidence points to transgenerational effects, with reproductive impacts observed in generations not directly exposed, suggesting persistent epigenetic reprogramming. This experimental article uses an in vitro bovine oocyte maturation model to investigate the effects of different concentrations of BPA on meiotic progression, cellular homeostasis, and subsequent embryonic development. The findings demonstrate that elevated concentrations of BPA during oocyte maturation impair developmental competence, compromising mitochondrial function, increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, and altering cytoskeletal organization and chromosome alignment. These alterations result in a higher incidence of aneuploidy, reduced embryonic viability, and lower post-fertilization developmental efficiency. Studies show that BPA exerts multifactorial reproductive toxicity, involving endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and impairments in oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Furthermore, they reinforce that even exposure to BPA can trigger significant and lasting biological effects. Thus, these findings contribute to advancing the understanding of the mechanism of BPA toxicity and highlight its relevance as an environmental risk factor for fertility, embryonic competence, and reproductive health across generations. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese

Toxocaríase em comunidades indígenas brasileiras: uma abordagem em saúde única

2025-12-02T04:01:52Z

Título: Toxocaríase em comunidades indígenas brasileiras: uma abordagem em saúde única Autor: Ferreira, Isabella Braghin Primeiro orientador: Santarém, Vamilton Alvares Abstract: Toxocariasis is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease that can disproportionately affect socioeconomically vulnerable populations, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Indigenous populations are susceptible to infection by Toxocara spp. due to inadequate infrastructure and limited access to health care and veterinary assistance. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the scenario of toxocariasis in Brazilian indigenous communities located in the states of São Paulo and Paraná (scientific paper 1) and in the Brazil-Paraguay-Argentina tri-border region (scientific paper 2) from a One Health perspective. Blood samples were collected from indigenous people to investigate the presence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies, along with the application of a socioepidemiological questionnaire to identify possible risk factors associated to seropositivity. Feces and dog hair samples, as well as soil samples, were also collected to assess the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs. The serological results indicated high prevalence in the indigenous population, showing seropositivity in 342/463 (73.9%; 95% CI: 70.0–77.7) individuals from the communities of Paraná and São Paulo, and in 246/258 (95.3%; 95% CI: 92.1–97.3) indigenous people from the tri-border region. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 9/194 (4.6%) feces samples and in 4/204 (2.0%) hair samples from dogs in the communities of Paraná and São Paulo; while Toxocara spp. eggs were observed in 8/124 (6.5%) feces samples from dogs in the tri-border community. Soil contamination by T. canis eggs was confirmed by molecular characterization of eggs recovered from positive soil samples from communities in the state of Paraná (36/90; 40.0%) and the tri-border region (30/74; 40.5%). These findings highlight the intense exposure of indigenous populations to Toxocara spp., where transmission is sustained by a combination of infrastructure, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, emphasizing the importance of integrated interventions in indigenous territories to promote animal and human health and education using One Health approaches. Instituição: Universidade do Oeste Paulista Tipo do documento: Tese