Cartografia aplicada à análise ambiental de bacia hidrográfica: um estudo de caso na bacia do rio Pirapozinho

Abstract

The present work aimed to develop the cartographic project and production as a support to the environmental planning and analysis of the water resources` quality of the Pirapozinho watershed. To accomplish this, it was followed a script that contemplated the developmental stages of the cartographic design and production processes with the intention to subsidize the environmental analysis of watersheds. The principles of cartographic communication were applied in the design and production of thematic maps. The environmental analysis process was elaborated from the compilation of the data collected in the cartographic production stage, supported by physical-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of the surface waters of the Pirapozinho watershed. The work sought to reflect on environmental sustainability and land uses regarding to environmental quality and water resources. By means of the environmental situation identification in the studied watershed, correlations were made between the physical aspects raised and the surface water quality. The results pointed to impacts in the watershed due to the inadequate process of watershed occupation. A vegetative deficit stands out, as intense occupation of pasture and crops. Also noteworthy is the influence of industrial effluent discharges in the Pirapozinho river drainage head areas in its main course. The analysis of surface water indicated a possible points of water contamination. The parameters above the acceptable limit according to the resolution Conama 357/05, as amended by Conama Resolution 430/11, were: biochemical demand for oxygen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and Escherichia coli. These changes are attributed to industrial and agricultural activities in the studied watershed.