Redução do impacto ambiental com géis hidrorretentores e cultivo de meristemas, em mudas de cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

The Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar cane and sugar, also the largest producer of ethanol from sugarcane. The use of pre-budded seedlings for the installation of sugarcane cultivation presents numerous advantages over the traditional method, since it allows the increase of the number of tillers and the uniformity in the planting lines, minimizes the flaws verified in the conventional system , Reduces the mass of seedlings and the volume of cargo to be transported to the field, improves the phytosanitary quality of the seedlings and, mainly, favors the increase in the production of clean energy, due to the increase of productivity and decrease in the consumption of fossil fuel for the Planting, harvesting and transport operations, by increasing agricultural productivity. It reduces the environmental impact caused by the crop by providing reduced cultivated area. Another technology of environmental interest is the use of water-repellent polymers, since it has contributed greatly to increase the water retention capacity in the soil, reducing the frequency of irrigation, when applicable, and allowing more effective use of soil and water resources. Water, contributing to improve agricultural productivity of the crop, promoting reductions in the areas, consumption of agricultural inputs (agrochemicals) and also bringing enormous environmental and agricultural advantages. The main objective of this research was to produce, in greenhouse conditions, pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings, free of pests and agricultural pathogens, without the use of any type of agrochemical, using different doses of Hydrotherapeutic polymers, and later application of in vitro culture method of meristems, in order to obtain clones of healthy seedlings in a large scale, allowing the reduction of cultivated area and consequently the reduction of environmental impacts. The sugar cane culture is known as a great culture, because only with planting scale does it obtain financial return, so the industrial units occupy large areas of monoculture. New cultivars with genetic traits to increase productivity and sugar content, resistance to pests and diseases can provide a significant reduction in plantings, provided they can be deployed quickly and with technical feasibility. Smallholder associations can make biofactories viable, which can produce pre-sprout seedlings in order to speed up the replacement of old cultivars, providing social and cultural improvement. Due to the biometric and physiological parameters analyzed, there is great potential in the use of water-repellent polymer for faster growth with water saving. The in vitro culture presented fantastic results, so the use can be recommended in MPB production. There is a relation between the genetic load (cultivar) in biometric and physiological variables, in the growth of MPB seedlings. New experiments that accompany the harvesting of the material produced must be carried out to determine if there are increases in productivity, which could lead to reductions in crop areas and consequently reduction of environmental impacts. The creation of biofábricas by small producers or settlers is totally possible, demanding public policies and sensitization of entrepreneurs of the sector, through fiscal incentives and specific legislations.