Perspectiva dos profissionais que atuam na proteção Básica sobre a política de assistência social

Abstract

The present dissertation was developed from the relation the research to the research line entitled Public Policies In Education, Educational Practices And Diversity, in the Graduate Program in Education from of the University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE). The objective of the research was to analyze, from the perspective of the professionals who act in the National Policy of Social Service (PNAS), more specifically in Basic Protection (Social Assistance Reference Centers – CRAS), the conceptions on the national policies, stated on official documents, as well as the perception these professionals have on their practices and the repercussions on the life of people assisted by these programs. The adopted epidemiological background is inspired by the Dialectical and Historical Materialism. From the methodological perspective, it was decided to make use of a merger of the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research was held together with 7 (seven) CRAS located in small and medium-sized cities in the countryside of São Paulo state. During the first stage of the field research, it was applied to the professionals a questionnaire on the level of knowledge on the researched policies and also about their beliefs on the effectiveness of their actions for the population assisted by the program. The obtained data went through a process of tabulation and the statistical analysis were conducted by the software SPSS, version 21.0. The results of Study 1 depicted that there weren’t meaningful differences concerning the participants when it comes to the length of professional experience at the PNAS, length of academic graduation or kind of employment contract (temporary or permanent employment contracts). After the statistical analysis of the first study, two groups with different position towards the PNAS were established. The first group (G1) depicted more knowledge on the policies, as well as higher level of satisfaction in relation to the job they performed. The second group (G2) showed results contrary to those of the first group. With both groups, structured interviews with focus on the perception of policies and the actions developed close to the assisted population were used, resulting in the elaboration of Study 2. The collected material was analyzed under the content analysis technique. From the analysis, four analytical categories emerged: 1) Professional training history and work repercussions on the professionals’ lives; 2) Perceptions on the assisted population and the actions at SUAS; 3) Scientific knowledge and empirical experience in building actions; 4) and, to conclude, Relationship with the assisted population. Summarily, the Study 2 results indicate that the professional training history influences meaningfully the actions performance at SUAS, the relationship that is built with the assisted population, the link with the area where these actions take place and with the local community. This study has also revealed a naïve attitude from the interviewed participants in actions development, as a result of a training process lacking criticism, an alienated view on the social reality and an attitude of culpability of the from social demands. It is understood that the knowledge achieved in this research may contribute for a better understanding of the action developed in the policies mentioned above, as well as the obstacles imposed in the implementation of successful actions.