Novo cenário da distribuição espaço-temporal da leishmaniose visceral no estado de São Paulo, com ênfase no oeste paulista

Abstract

Introduction: Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (HVL) is a serious illness with a distribution on all continents. In Latin America, Brazil harbors more than 90% of infected individuals and in the state of São Paulo the first case occurred in the northeast region in 1999; in 2005 autochthonous cases were found in the western region. Objective: analyze geospatial methods, to dispersion of HVL in the state of São Paulo, with an emphasis on the West of São Paulo. Methods: Epidemiological, sectional descriptive study, in which epidemiological data were obtained from public available databases. Maps were generated from georeferenced databases. Results: Between 1999 and 2016, 2715 people were diagnosed with HVL throughout São Paulo state, with an occurrence in 14.26% of the municipalities, with emphasis on the western region. R-square of 0.119 shows an increasing tendency of infection over the years, but with a decrease in the number of deaths. Even concentrated the disease reveals weak spatial dependence and transmission occurs in adjacent foci and jumps. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index shows that HVL cases are mostly low to medium. In the state, there was no relationship between HVL and human development index (HDI). Conclusions: Throughout the state there is a new scenario of temporal distribution of HVL overwhelmed by jump dispersion. There has been a significant decrease in lethality especially in the last two triennia compared to the historical series. In the state of São Paulo, a relationship between low HDI and HVL was not observed.