Educação especial e instituição educacional especializada: história e politicas públicas

Abstract

In Brazil, until the mid-twentieth century, special education was responsibility of specialized educational institutions that had been organized thanks to the participation of parents and supporters of the cause of people with disabilities, both in the public and private spheres, becoming a key component of the Brazilian inclusive education trajectory. The research in education can, supported by the new cultural history, to consider the peculiarities of regional history articulated to general history. In this sense, this research aims to analize the historical legacy of a specialized educational institution specialized in the municipality of Naviraí in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and, consequently, discuss the history of Special and Inclusive Education in this municipality. For this purpose, the qualitative approach was used, sustained by the perspective of the new cultural history as well as educational institutions. A study was carried out on the history of special education in Brazil articulated to public policies, seeking to understand how the institutionalization process of the institutionalization of the APAE-Naviraí/MS and how this institution has been operationalized and collaborated with the educational inclusion of the target audience of Special Education. A technical visit was carried out at the Centro de Atendimento e Inclusão Social - CAIS (former APAE) in Contagem/MG to meet "in loco" a successful experience of educational inclusion. In order to do so, the theoretical methodological approach used was the new cultural history: Le Goff (2003); the history of institutions: Gatti Júnior (2002, 2006); history of special and inclusive education: Mazzotta (1987, 2001), Mantoan (2003), Carvalho (2000, 2002) and Jannuzzi (1985 and 2004). The methodological instruments used in data collection were: documentary analysis in the institution's records and semi-structured interviews with individuals who contributed directly and indirectly to the institution's history and who were or are involved with the process of educational inclusion. The data were analyzed using emerging thematic axes from the research objectives, being: Segregation and Assistencialism, Specialized Institution and Regular School, Specialized Institution and Inclusion. The results allow us to consider that APAE / Naviraí/MS professionals are open to dialogue with the regular school and work in partnership to defend the rights of persons with disabilities in partnership with the Educational Inclusion Target Public Student of Special Education.