Comparação clínica e laboratorial dos efeitos do veneno bruto das serpentes Crotalus durissus collilineatus e Crotalus durissus terrificus em ratos Wistar

Abstract

Snakebites constitute a serious public health problem and are part of the list of neglected diseases of the World Health Organization. Million accidents occur annually, with thousands of deaths and temporary or permanent disability. The snake antivenoms for treatment not always available or is appropriate for the type of snake in the region. There is a large economic impact on families and communities affected. The Brazil reports the most cases of Latin America with more than 20000 annual cases and general average lethality of 3.5% in the period between 2007 and 2016. Most of these accidents is attributed to the genus Bothrops. The accident crotálico is about 19% of the total, but has average 8.12% lethality. In veterinary medicine the snakebites are not notifiable. The diagnosis, when the serpent cannot be identified, depends on the clinical and laboratory assessment. Considering the complexity of snakebites, your high cost and risks during treatment, the clinical and laboratory diagnosis need is fundamental for the health care professional can act effectively. Meet the clinical and laboratory facilitates the correct diagnosis and assessment of severity of the frame, guiding the patient's treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of experimental poisoning in Wistar rats with Crotalus durissus collilineatus crude venom (Cdc) and Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt). 60 Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 20) and treated with: Group 1 (G1): control, saline solution 0.9% intramuscular (IM); Group 2 (G2): 1 mg Kg-1 of poison from Cdc IM; Group 3 (G3): 1 mg Kg-1 of poison of Cdt IM. Locomotion and posture were evaluated, and motor activity in inoculated Member moments: M0 (prior to inoculation), M1 (60 min. after) and M2 (120 min. after). Evaluation of complete blood count, serum Biochemistry (alaninoaminotransferase-ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase-aspartatoaminotransferase-ALP, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase-CK and CK-MB) and histopathology occurred 6 hours after. Our findings agree with those of other authors, but no other study compares the effects of two poisons crotálicos. Both poisons have resulted in clinical, laboratory and histological changes in the first hour, with accent marks over time. Clinical and histological changes were most evident in muscle of animals poisoned with the poison of Cdt. Cdc caused major changes in both the laboratory blood test as in serum biochemistry. It is concluded that both poisons cause clinical, laboratory and histological changes of muscle in the first hour after inoculation of the venom, with gradual worsening over time, being clinical and histological changes more evident in animals intoxicated with venom of the Cdt and the blood count and serum biochemistry laboratory more evident to the venom of the Cdc suggests that other studies to be carried out with the different fractions of each poison and raw venom about the different muscle types.