Análise Multicritério Aplicada na definição de áreas para a implantação de aterro sanitário consorciado

Abstract

Inadequate disposal of solid wastes is a worldwide problem and a concern in many Brazilian regions, such as the Pontal do Paranapanema region, located in the west of the state of São Paulo. A systematic alternative to define areas for landfill is the application of multicriteria analysis with the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) technique. However, the proposal of final disposal of solid waste using inter-municipal consortia is unknown internationally. In Brazil, this practice is encouraged by federal law, but is still under-explored. This work proposed the definition of areas for the implantation of sanitary landfill from the consortium among the 32 municipalities of the Pontal do Paranapanema region. Thus, we determine the minimum size of area required for the implantation of the landfill; we identify the factors of ponderable and restrictive order in the environmental and socioeconomic contexts and; we classified the candidate areas for the implementation of the landfill consortium according to its level of environmental and socioeconomic suitability. The Boolean logic was applied to the restrictive variables, and the fuzzy logic in the ponderable variables. Factors weights were determined to the AHP with the assistance of specialists. The weighted linear average was used to calculate the variables with their respective weights. We verified that 49.6% of the study area has a restriction for the implantation of a consortium landfill and this value was reduced to 7% when minimum size of the area required was considered for the implementation of the consortium. We identified areas with high and very high suitability level when centralizing the search for the area as a function of the location of the municipality with the greatest residue generation. We defined 8 regional poles for intermunicipal consortia in the area under study. We conclude that it is possible to define areas that minimize social and environmental impacts without breaching existing legislation