Expressão de genes em feridas cutâneas induzidas em coelhos e tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas e rosuvastatina

Abstract

Wound healing encompasses complex processes of cellular and biochemical events that interact for the regeneration of injured tissue, involving cells, extracellular matrix, cytokines and growth factors (GF). The GF and cytokines act in tissue repair and healing, modulating the proliferation, migration and increase of the metabolic activity of the cells. Blood is a rich source for obtaining therapeutic cellular or protein products. In view of the richness of hemocomponents found in the total blood and their importance in the clinical use in regenerative medicine, we highlight the platelets. Platelets have primary function of hemostasis and secondary angiogenesis, innate immunity and healing of damaged tissues, being rich in GF. Based on platelets as a GF storage vehicle, platelet rich Plasma (PRP) is shown as a great stimulator in repairing a wide range of tissues. The PRP is a platelet-rich plasma concentrate five times higher than the basal value obtained from autogenous blood, being attributed anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties with high therapeutic potential based on increased concentration of the GF. In order to promote the improvement of wound healing and tissue repair, studies bring proposals for therapeutic interventions that attenuate the acute inflammatory response and decrease the expression of cytokines after injuries, offering opportunities to reduce the rate of mortality and improvement in the quality of life of patients besides contributing to the reduction of costs in health care. For this purpose, we used in our study a second-generation synthetic statin, rosuvastatin (RSV), for being the target of experimental investigations of inflammatory activities, antioxidants, cell proliferation, among others. Eight New Zealand adult male rabbits were used, kept in individual cages, with controlled temperature ration and water at will. Four wounds were made that received different treatments: 0.9% sodium chloride solution, autologous PRP in gel form, RSV Gel 1.2% and association of RSV 1.2% and autologous PRP in gel form. The procedure was analyzed at moments 0, 7, 14 and 17 days using the qPCR Array technique, a method that enables in vitro amplification of DNA. The results showed that the expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 were statistically higher in the PRP group compared to the RSV and PRP + RSV groups, but did not differ from the control group. The relative abundance of the genes AIF1, B2M and VEGFA showed no significant difference between the treatment groups. It was observed that there was an increase in the expression of COL1A1 during the time analyzed, but the data were not statistically significant (P = 0.13), already the COL3A1 gene showed a significant increase from the M7 (P =0.02), continuing until the end of experiment (M17). It can be concluded that the PRP alone brought greater benefit to the scar process in relation to RSV alone or associated with PRP. Although there was a growing increase in the COL1A1 and COL3A1 genes, it did not imply the faster closure of the wound treated with PRP.