A influência do treinamento de habilidade no procedimento de punção venosa periférica em cães

Abstract

Blood collection in dogs is the most performed procedure in the clinic and it is fundamental as a method of complementary evaluation, however, different factors can hinder the procedure, cause stress and complications in patients. Skill training is a teaching tool, which provides early training of the student, development of his skills, favoring success, safety of the procedure and reduction of complications to the patient. This teaching strategy provides the student with the possibility of performing practices similar to those performed during the routine, done in a reality-simulating environment that is safe and controlled and under the supervision of the facilitator teacher, working in the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of skill training on the quality of the peripheral venous puncture procedure in dogs. A total of 138 dogs, 69 undergraduate students and 3 residents and 4 previously trained raters participated in the study. It was evaluated the dogs blood collection by the students, the blood received by the laboratory, the simulated practice in a low fidelity simulator and its influence on the peripheral venipuncture procedure. There was a lack of knowledge and skills in performing the procedure of peripheral venipuncture by the students, a greater frequency of using procedure gloves (p <0.001), reduction of blood collections attempts (p <0.038), reduction in number (p < 0.001) and complication types (p <0.001) in the post-training compared to pre-training, as well as the amount of blood collected was greater and sufficient (p <0.007) as assessed by the laboratory. This study concludes that the students have knowledge and skill deficits in the peripheral venous puncture procedure, however when these are worked with active teaching strategies benefits are observed in the formation and development of competencies; complications during the harvest in the live animal and changes in the material sent to the laboratory were observed; and it was also evidenced that the simulated training influenced in a positive way minimizing failures and complications in the pre-analytical phase promoting a significant apprenticeship to the students.