Efeitos da vitamina B12 e ômega 3 na temperatura do escroto, concentração de testosterona, qualidade espermática e histologia testicular de ratos Wistar submetidos à dose tóxica de ciclofosfamida

Abstract

The damage to the seminiferous tubules and to the spermatozoa caused by the drug cyclophosphamide is one of the limiting factors for its use, which can lead to infertility due to marked toxicity in the organs associated with oxidative stress, being necessary the use of antioxidant substances as is the case of the omega 3 and vitamin B12. The aim of this study was to study the influence of vitamin B12 and omega 3 on the histology and functions of the testes of rats treated with cyclophosphamide. Wistar rats were divided into eight groups; control, omega 3, cyclophosphamide, omega 3 and cyclophosphamide, vitamin B12, omega 3 and vitamin B12, vitamin B12 and cyclophosphamide, omega 3 with vitamin B12 and cyclophosphamide; receiving standard feeding, and the respective treatments and supplements during 30, 45 and 60 days, the toxic dose of cyclophosphamide was applied on the 59th day. Histological and morphometric analyzes of the seminiferous tubules were performed, determining the diameter, light diameter, height of the epithelium, motility and sperm morphology, with optical microscope readings considering the number of normal spermatozoa with head and tail pathology, with distal and proximal drop and the total number of defects, testosterone concentration, and thermographic images of the scrotum to measure the temperature. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, followed by Tukey test, with significance of 5% (P≤0.05). Significant differences were obtained for the diameter of the seminiferous tubule and cyclophosphamide (mean values of 155.40 ± 19.45 μm in the control group without cyclophosphamide, 112.00 ± 24.29 μm in the control group with cyclophosphamide); seminiferous tubule light and supplements (mean values of 136.90 ± 11.96 μm in the vitamin B12 group without cyclophosphamide, 104.80 ± 8.10 μm in the omega 3 group without cyclophosphamide, 119.00 ± 7.17 μm in the vitamin B12 and omega 3 group without cyclophosphamide); diameter of seminiferous tubule lumen and supplementation with cyclophosphamide (mean values of 116.30 ± 20.48 μm in the vitamin B12 group with cyclophosphamide, 119.80 ± 11.69 μm in the omega 3 group with cyclophosphamide, 119.90 ± 9, 58 μm in the vitamin B12 and omega 3 group with cyclophosphamide); (mean values of 77.08 ± 3.43 μm in the vitamin B12 group without cyclophosphamide, 81.8 ± 14.01 μm in the omega-3 group without cyclophosphamide, 82.15 ± 4.58 μm in the vitamin B12 and omega 3 group without cyclophosphamide); height of seminiferous tubule epithelium and supplementation with cyclophosphamide (mean values of 75.58 ± 6.60 μm in the vitamin B12 group with cyclophosphamide, 70.14 ± 4.15 μm in the omega 3 group with cyclophosphamide, 73.72 ± 4, 92 μm in the vitamin B12 and omega 3 group with cyclophosphamide); sperm motility and cyclophosphamide; spermatozoa with distal gout and supplementation; and spermatozoa with distal gout and cyclophosphamide supplementation. Omega 3 supplementation demonstrates efficiency in decreasing the number of spermatozoa with distal gout (12.50 ± 11.30%) in the groups treated with cyclophosphamide. And vitamin B12 has a better influence in lowering the incidence of spermatozoa with proximal gout (0.25 ± 0.46%) and with tail pathology (11.40 ± 4.70%), has been shown to be the best for testosterone in the rats compared to the other supplements was observed in maintaining the height of the seminiferous tubule epithelium (77.08 ± 3.43 μm, absent cyclophosphamide and 75.58 ± 6.60 μm, cyclophosphamide present) , the temperature of the scrotum on the 60th day. Vitamin B12 and omega 3 together generated a positive effect on the diameter of the lumen of the seminiferous tubule (119.00 ± 7.17 μm, absent cyclophosphamide, and 119.90 ± 9.58 μm, cyclophosphamide present), and for the temperature of the scrotum. It can be concluded that the supplementation performed with omega 3 demonstrates efficiency to decrease the number of spermatozoa with distal gout in the groups treated with cyclophosphamide. It is observed that vitamin B12 had a beneficial influence on semen quality by reducing the percentage of proximal cytoplasmic droplet. It was also observed that the present supplementation with vitamin B12 and omega 3 did not influence the improvement of semen quality in relation to tail pathology, head pathology and serum testosterone concentration in animals treated with cyclophosphamide or not. For the scrotal temperatures, there was a negative influence of omega-3-associated cyclophosphamide at the temperature of the scrotum at 60 days of the experiment. The diameter of the seminiferous tubule was positively influenced by the association of omega 3 with vitamin B12 at 45 days of the experiment in relation to this same moment for the other experimental groups.