Tratamentos estéticos na redução da gordura localizada: Revisão sistemática de escopo e ensaio clínico

Abstract

Introduction: A systematic review was conducted in order to identify and describe the aesthetic techniques being used to treat abdominal fat in women, with a view to pointing out the considerations on the subject. Based on these data, protocols were developed to analyze acutely and chronically the effects of the application of high-powered ultrasound in women with localized abdominal fat and overweight. Objective: to analyze data from the literature and to analyze body composition, the behavior of cardiovascular variables and the autonomic modulation of HR after the application of high-power ultrasound in women with localized abdominal fat and overweight. Method: A systematic scope review was performed. Women (21.3 ± 3.06 years old) were selected for the acute effect study, presenting at least 1.5 cm of abdominal skin fold, using oral and sedentary contraceptives. A visit was made to the aesthetic center, where the initial anthropometric evaluations were performed and, before and after the application of therapy, the body composition (bioimpedance), blood pressure (BP) and autonomic evaluation were evaluated. The indices (RMSSD, SDNN) and (HF, LF un and ms2) were analyzed. For the analysis of the effects on body composition, BP variables and cholesterol values and autonomic modulation were used in the moments of rest and recovery in the pre- and post-intervention, Student's t-test or Wilcoxon's test. with Dunn's post-test for non-normal distribution data, and the size of the effect was calculated using Eta-squaredd and p <0.05 for all the tests. Results: The systematic review of the scope pointed out that the most evidenced technique was cryolipolysis with efficiency of abdominal fat reduction (80.00%). Other techniques such as electrolysis, cryolipolysis, carboxitherapy, intense pulsed light laser, endermotherapy, therapeutic ultrasound, modeling massage, electrotherapy, radiofrequency, polarized current and iontophoresis were also efficient and safe. In the acute effect observed after the focused ultrasound, no significant differences were observed in the pre- and postoperative comparisons of the variables studied; however, there was a tendency to increase the indices (NSND, SD2) and (rMSSD, SD1 and HF ms2 and un) in the recovery moments in relation to the resting moment. Conclusion: More studies are needed with more elaborate protocols on techniques to reduce localized adiposity. The clinical study showed that a high-potency ultrasonic therapy session did not promote significant changes in body composition, blood pressure values, autonomic modulation of HRV and cholesterol values.