A política de assistência estudantil do IFSP - Campus Birigui e a desigualdade social: necessidades e contradições

Abstract

This dissertation is linked to the Graduate Program in Education of the University of Oeste Paulista, the research line Public Policies in Education, Educational Practices and Diversity and the research group Estado, Educational Policies and Democracy (EPED). The research covers the educational policy of higher education, aiming to analyze the Student Assistance Policy (PAE) at the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology (IFSP) - Birigui Campus. With the expansion of the possibility of low-income students to enroll in public schools of higher education, through the Law 12.711 / 12 vacancy reserve, the Unified Selection System (SISU) and the Program to Support Restructuring and Expansion Plans From the Federal Universities (REUNI), there is also the need to guarantee the permanence and success in school and reduce inequality within the institutions, since the process of inequality is inserted in the production and reproduction of social relations that are historically processed in the capitalist system. In federal higher education institutions (IFES) the Student Assistance Policy (PAE) has helped students to complete the training process. Through the professional perception acquired in working with this institution, there is a contradictory scenario, since at the same time student assistance helps the permanence of students enrolled in the Permanence Assistance Program (PAP), contemplating the majority of students. However, there are those who, despite meeting the income criterion, considered a priority by the PNAES National Student Assistance Program (up to 1.5 minimum wages per capita), do not apply for the selection process. Therefore, this research aimed to identify and analyze the reasons why students from higher education, from IFSP-Campus Birigui, who meet the income criterion, considered a priority by PNAES, do not participate in the selection process of the Program. The investigation was conducted through the method of historical-dialectical materialism, carried out through documentary analysis and empirical research through the application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the results indicated a high rate of students who did not enroll in the PAP, called the hidden target audience, among them, a higher dropout percentage compared to the program participants. Students included in the PAP positively evaluate the program as important for permanence in the course, but dropout is still present also among them. Seeking to know the reasons why students are not enrolling, it was identified that in addition to the inefficiency of the means of dissemination of the program, are related to the specific access policies, early evasion, naturalization of needs, alienation of knowledge appropriation and objectification of goods and services, plus personal accountability for problems that are structural.