Efeitos dos alimentos funcionais na qualidade óssea de ratos expostos ao tabagismo passivo crônico: estudos pré-clínicos randomizados

Abstract

Smoking is a global concern because of the impact on public health, particularly in causing chronic illness and suffering for millions of people and is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. The global annual cost of health services associated with smoking is estimated at US$ 422 billion, equivalent to US$ 56.34 per person. This represents 5.7% of total health expenditure in the world. The blend of cigarette smoke contains around 4.7000 toxic substances that are associated with decreased bone mass and influencing the process of bone healing and remodeling. Bone tissue being multifunctional and subject to cell differentiation at different stages of development is more susceptible to receiving the deleterious action of the main smoking agent of cigarette smoke. Functional, probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic foods due to their ability to improve intestinal absorption and compete with pathogenic microorganisms may contribute to the improvement of bone quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic supplements on mineral composition, histomorphometry, biomechanical properties and fractal dimension of the femur of growing rats, chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (PT). Sixty-four young male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 8): control (C) [basal diet (DB)]; probiotic (Pro) [DB + probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum (2-5 109 CFU each)], prebiotic (Pre) [DB + prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide)], symbiotic probiotic + prebiotic + PT), prebiotic smoker (PreT) (DB + prebiotic + PT), smoker control (PT + The rats were sacrificed after 189 days of experimental period, and the results showed that probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic supplementation improved significantly (P <0.05), as well as symbiotic smoker (SymT) (DB + prebiotic + probiotic + PT). The results showed that the functional food supplementation, probiotic, prebiotic, and the presence of the functional, probiotic, optical or symbiotic improved bone health in growing rats chronically exposed to cigarette smoke.