Imunoexpressão de colágeno tipos I e III em biópsias de feridas dérmicas de coelhos tratadas com gel de rosuvastatina e plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo

Abstract

The skin is considered the first defense barrier of the organism, being a structure of great importance. The epidermis and the dermis are the outermost layers of the skin, with the dermis being the thickest layer that has a large amount of collagen. Post-surgery wound healing involves multiple events such as inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, vascularization and epithelialization; and the ideal treatment should include anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and vascularity-promoting products. Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRPa) and Rosuvastatin (RSV) have, among these, numerous biological activities that contribute to the tissue repair process, reinforcing their importance in tissue engineering. In order to evaluate the immunoexpression of types I and III collagen fibers produced when using PRPa and / or RSV in induced dermal wounds, 32 biopsies from 8 clinically healthy adult male Zealand rabbits were used. The wounds that originated the biopsies were treated with PRPa and RSV alone or in combination, on days 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14. Skin samples were collected on day 17 and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 24 to 48 hours, then washed and transferred to 70% alcohol solution. Then they were processed according to a routine histological technique for optical microscopy and included in paraffin. The sections were mounted on silanized slides for immunohistochemistry, using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Type I collagen immunoexpression was higher in wounds that received PRPa, and treatment with PRPa + RSV provided greater immunoexpression of type III collagen fibers and less expression of type I collagen when compared to control and other treatments, but without statistical difference (P> 0.05). A wound with a predominance of type III collagen over type I collagen is consistent with the inflammation phase of the healing process and, in the following phases (proliferation and maturation), type I collagen becomes predominant. In this study, there was a predominance of type III collagen in the proliferation phase. It is concluded that the association of PRPa + RSV in the treatment of wounds demonstrated a possible additive effect in the immunoexpression of type III collagen, which can be a viable alternative for tissue repair and collagen formation, optimizing the healing process.