Distribuição espaço temporal da Leishmaniose Visceral na área urbana de Teodoro Sampaio: uma lacuna entre a forma canina e a forma humana de uma doença e região negligenciadas

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe and systemic disease distributed in all continents. In the Americas, 96% of cases are concentrated in Brazil. Identified in the state of São Paulo in 2006 the disease has been spreading rapidly particularly in the western region. Our objective was to analyse the space-temporal distribution of VL in the urban area of Teodoro Sampaio, considered a neglected region of São Paulo state. This is a sectional descriptive epidemiological study, in which the data related to the vector were obtained from the Superintendence of Control of Endemics, dogs in the Sanitary Surveillance, the serological survey for the determination of anti-Leishmania chagasi antibodies was obtained by ELISA and maps with Kernel density were constructed to analyse the distribution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Vectors of Lutzomya longipalpis were found in July and October 2010 in different sectors of the city. Between 2010-2016 2,752 dogs were submitted to the serological survey and 375 (13.63%) were positive for CVL and 86 (22.93%) were submitted to euthanasia. In the human serological survey 158 individuals were analysed and 2 (1.26%) were positive; 4 (2.53%) were undetermined and 153 (96.83%) were negative. Between 2010 and 2018 only 1 case of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) was reported. The kernel density map showed that sector 1, considered the epicentre of infection, showed the highest number of infected dogs. The significant number of dogs infected with LVC compared to the small number of people with positive serology for HVL represents a gap in the natural evolution of the disease and does not rule out that a possible crossreaction with cutaneous leishmaniasis antibodies, endemic in this region that is a protective factor for this population