Análise espacial da prevalência de alto risco de cárie e de cárie dentária não tratada e a influência do acesso aos serviços de saúde e das condições socioeconômicas

Abstract

The determinants in health generate major impacts on the oral health of the population, especially with regard to dental caries disease. Based on the concept of Health Surveillance, there is a need to expand resources and access to dental services to address the vulnerable population based on the judgments of Health Technology Assessment. The aim of this study was to identify the different concepts about the relationship of access to health services with socioeconomic issues and to evaluate the high risk of caries and untreated dental caries in schoolchildren, according to the health care model implemented, the influence of socioeconomic factors and the existence of spatial dependence. A theoretical analysis was carried out through a scoping review verifying the current scenario of the theories that describe access to oral health services related to the socioeconomic condition. In addition, two ecological studies were carried out, through descriptive and spatial analysis, of data on high-risk oral health among schoolchildren and untreated dental caries, with correlation of secondary contextual data. It was found that the theory according to Andersen that addresses self-perception and health needs is the most used. In the analysis of risk and untreated dental caries, spatial autocorrelation cannot be observed, however, a statistically significant difference was found related to distance. Thus, it is concluded that there is a tendency to expand the concept of access to health services, with socioeconomic conditions and geographical factors being strongly related to access to health services. In addition, no spatial dependence was found for any of the dependent variables, and distance proved to be a strong influence on the higher prevalence of high risk and untreated dental caries.