Eficácia da água ozonizada no controle de patógenos bacterianos em alfaces: revisão sistemática com meta-análise

Abstract

Infectious diseases are a public health problem and occur mainly through the ingestion of contaminated food. Vegetables such as lettuce are easily contaminated with bacterial pathogens by the planting system and cross contamination. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonized water in the control of Salmonella and E. coli in lettuce. The study was carried out from the determination of the acronym PICO, composed of the elements: Population= minimally processed lettuce (Lactuca sp.); Intervention = disinfection with ozone in aqueous solution (OSA); Control=sanitized lettuce; Outcome = estimates of abundance (EA) of microorganisms expressed in log (CFU) / g. Scientific publications were searched in the Agris, Embase, Lilacs, Medline, ScieElo, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link and Web of Science indexed databases, available electronically and published between 1980 and 2020. 14 publications were included, divided into four meta-analyses of random model (OSA for up to 5 minutes and more than 5 minutes and OSA for inactivation of Salmonella and E. coli for up to 5 minutes and more than 5 minutes). All meta-analytical studies indicated a significant effect of OSA on the reduction of Salmonella and E. coli. The most effective action if in the first 5 minutes, occurs after 3 minutes, which resulted in a reduction of 3.52 logarithmic phases. The least effective actions occurred with 0.5 and 4 minutes. The most effective action after 5 minutes occurred at 30 minutes of exposure (reduction of 2.63 logarithmic phases), however, with results lower than the action during 3 minutes. The action of ozone was more effective for Salmonella (2.73 log phase reduction) than for E. coli (2.73 log phase reduction) within 5 minutes of action. After 5 minutes, the reduction of E. coli (1.73 logarithmic phases) was greater than that of Salmonella (1.08 logarithmic phases). It is concluded that the microbicidal effect of ozone is time dependent with important differences in the sensitivity of bacteria of public health importance.