Leishmaniose visceral no município de Três Lagoas, MS: análise clínica, epidemiológica e geoespacial

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health problem of worldwide concern. In Mato Grosso Sul (MS) it is a serious public health problem. The aim of the present study was to carry out a clinical, epidemiological and geospatial analysis of VL cases in the municipality of Três Lagoas (MS). Canine VL (CVL) and entomological data were obtained from the municipal epidemiological surveillance department, and human VL (HVL) data were obtained from the notification information system (SINAN). The spatial analysis of the HVL was performed by the Kernel estimator. Between 2007-2018, 211 individuals were diagnosed with, with the highest number in 2008, the highest fatality rate occurred in 2013. Men represented 59.7% of those infected, with a greater predominance of whites people. The highest incidence was between 15-19 years and the main symptoms were fever, weight loss, weakness and hepatosplenomegaly. Pentavalent antimony was the most used drug in the treatment of patients who lived predominantly in urban areas. In the geospatial distribution, three points with very high concentration of infected people were found, two on the outskirts of the city. Between 2000-2019, 2,681 dogs were diagnosed with CVL. In 2019, 26.2% of the installed traps had Lutzomyia longipalpis vectors. With favorable environmental and socioeconomic conditions, high notification rate, and a constant number of confirmed cases, VL has become a new reality in the municipality of Três Lagoas. Constant effort from the authorities in continued programs of health surveillance, education, communication and environmental management is required. The identification of risk clusters in the urban area can define where efforts should be concentrated and reinforce the need to review the strategies used to control the disease, contribute to decision-making by managers, as well as a better application of Unified Health System resources.