Perfil protetor de adiponectina e IL-22 em servidores penitenciários com infecção por tuberculose latente independe do índice de massa corporal

Abstract

Tuberculosis is considered a global health problem that is difficult to control, despite strategies to combat the disease. It is estimated that 1.7 billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, at the risk of developing the active disease. Objective: to evaluate the levels of adiponectin and IL-22 of servers in a prison unit and their association with ILTB and BMI. Materials and Methods: For that purpose, prison staff (n = 40) were studied, divided into: 20 ILTB (+), with normal BMI (n = 5), overweight (n = 6) and obese (n = 9); 20 ILTB (-), paired according to the BMI of the ILTB (+) group. To assess latent tuberculosis infection, the IFN-γ quantification test (QFT-Plus) was performed. The characterization of the study population and assessment of risk factors for ILTB was carried out through a questionnaire. BMI was calculated using weight and height (Kg / m2). Adiponectin and IL-22 were measured using the ELISA technique. Results: Among the 40-prison staff studied, 28 (70%) were male, with an average age of 44.9 years (minimum 20 and maximum 60 years). The predominant age range of the participants was 40 to 49 years (50%). Among the risk factors for ILTB, the majority had a service time greater than 21 years (52.5%) with contact with the PPL (80%) and reported alcohol consumption (65%). Dosages belonging to the ILTB (-) group showed higher levels of adiponectin compared to the ILTB (+) group (p = 0.0326). When IL-22 levels were analyzed, it was observed that the ILTB (+) group had higher levels compared to the ILTB (-) group (p = 0.0119). BMI had no influence on adiponectin or IL-22 levels, in association or not with ILTB. To clarify a possible association between adipokine, IL-22 and BMI with IFN-γ, correlations between levels of adipokine, IL-22 and BMI and the production of IFN-γ in the QFT-Plus tubes were analyzed, Nil (negative control), TB1 (TCD4 + response), TB2 (TCD4 + and TCD8 + response) and Mitogen (positive control). Adipokine showed a moderate positive correlation with the IFN-γ of the Mitogen tube (rho = 0.5565; p = 0.0002). IL-22 showed a weak positive correlation with TBN tube IFN-γ (rho = 0.3748; p = 0.0172), a moderate positive correlation with TB2 IFN-γ (rho = 0.4201; p = 0.0070), and a weak negative correlation with the IFN-γ of the Mitogen tube (rho = -0.3631; p = 0.0213). No correlation was observed between the BMI and the IFN-γ of the QFT-Plus tubes. Conclusion: that prison staff with ILTB have low levels of adiponectin and high levels of IL-22, regardless of their BMI, a profile that suggests the activation of macrophages to maintain granuloma and protect the evolution of ILTB to active disease.