Exposição ocupacional de frentistas ao benzeno e alteração mutagênica em células bucais - revisão sistemática

Abstract

Gas station attendants are directly exposed to the inhalation of by-products of gasoline evaporation, such as benzene, which is harmful to health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational exposure to benzene and the presence of mutagenic alterations in oral cells in gas station attendants. PICO was defined as P= gas station attendants, I= exposure to benzene, C= population without chronic exposure to benzene, O= mutagenic alteration. The search strategy was established by combining the descriptors: DNA damage, micronucleus, genotoxicity, mutagenicity tests, benzene, station attendants, gasoline and gas station. The search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Web of Science and Embase. The inclusion criteria were based on studies that performed the oral cell micronucleus test (BMn) in gas station attendants and a control group without exposure to benzene, literature review articles, clinical cases and no descriptive data were considered exclusion criteria. For the analysis of possible biases in the studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa and Axis scales were used. A total of 13,663 studies were found, of which only sixteen were selected because they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies suggested the presence of mutagenic alterations with increased frequency of micronuclei (Mn), binucleated cells (BN), karyorrhexis (KX), karyolysis (KY), pyknosis (PK), nuclear button (NB) and condensed chromatin (CC) in gas station attendants with 3 months to 30 years of chronic exposure to benzene, with more expressive alterations in gas station attendants with >5 years of working time. The increase in mutagenic alterations in oral cells of gas station attendants may indicate the risk of genotoxicity resulting from occupational exposure.