Síndrome metabólica como fator de risco para nefrolitíase

Abstract

Objective: To elucidate the main characteristics of the patient considered to be at high risk for the formation of nephrolithiasis for better targeting in the prevention of this disease. Methods: From September 2019 to October 2020, a prospective study of 112 patients considered to be at high risk for the formation of urinary tract stones was carried out, through the collection of clinical data and complete metabolic investigation. For data analysis, the Minitab 18® statistical program was used. Results: The mean age was 46.76±13.53 years, and most were overweight/obese with a mean BMI of 29.37±6.14 kg/m2. The Caucasian race prevailed (68.75%) and 66.07% had a family history. The most prominent metabolic alterations were: low urinary volume (77.68%), hypercalciuria (40.18%), hypocitraturia (39.29%), hyperuricosuria (33.04%). The study identified that the male gender (p=0.02; OR=2.10), BMI (p=0.00; OR=3.50), SAH (p=0.007; OR=1.53), DM (p =0.003; OR=4.99) and dyslipidemia (p=0.002; OR=2.84) represented a strong probability of contributing to the lithiasis event and the main correlations and odds ratio were between hypercalciuria and altered BMI (p=0.001; OR=3.28), hypocitraturia and staghorn calculi (p=0.003; OR=2.21), hyperuricosuria and altered BMI (p=0.017; OR=2.01), hyperoxaluria and altered BMI (p=0.002; OR= 2.81), urinary tract infection and DM (p=0.005; OR=1.73), urinary tract infection and staghorn calculI (p=0.003; OR=1.77), altered parathyroid hormone and altered BMI (p=0.008; OR =2.69) and hyperphosphaturia and altered BMI (p=0.021; OR=1.99). Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the metabolic syndrome is an important trigger of metabolic changes in kidney stones, and consequently, nephrolithiasis, emphasizing the need to promote or assist public health policies in this population.