Ação antimicrobiana dos anestésicos locais em relação a Staphylococcus spp.: revisão sistemática

Abstract

It is reported that anesthetic agents can limit the growth of microorganisms such as Staphylococcus spp. The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy of local anesthetics as an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus spp. The searches were carried out in the databases Pubmed, Web of science, Scopus, Embase and Lilacs. As inclusion criteria, complete original articles, experimental in vitro assays with application of selected anesthetics and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp were selected. This review followed the methodological checklist for the writing of papers reporting systematic reviews by prisma statement. The risk of bias was assessed according to JBI critical appraisal checklist. Analysis was performed by a simple linear regression model moderated by anesthetic. This systematic review was recorded by the Open Science Framework -OSF (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/C5JM7). Initially, 1,141 articles were found, however, 52 articles were analyzed after careful selection. Lidocaine was the most applied anesthetic, being evaluated in 35 of the articles. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was the standard microorganism in 17 articles. The impact of anesthetic concentration in relation to antimicrobial effect was evaluated and the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (F [5, 12] = 0.688 p = 0.642), even when considering the moderate effect by anesthetics individually. Therefore, despite the fact that the antimicrobial effect of local anesthetics was demonstrated in 82.7% of the studies evaluated, a great heterogeneity of the results was found, which made it impossible to perform meta-analysis and future evidence-based recommendations.