Análise espaço-temporal da sífilis congênita e gestacional na região de fronteira entre os estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis and congenital syphilis (CS) are diseases recognized as reemerging and epidemic in several countries, including Brazil. With the worldwide importance of the epidemiology of syphilis in the population of a certain region, the objective of this study was to analyze the cases reported in the municipalities of seven Regional Health Care in three neighboring states - São Paulo, Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, since that after analyzing the characteristics of the epidemic in each region, risk groups and new cases can be identified, so that it is possible to list strategies aimed at the control and eradication of vertical transmission. The notifications of MTCT and CS were selected from 144 municipalities from seven bordering RAS, from 2009 to 2018, from SINAN, Atlas Brasil and IBGE. With the resources of the Geographic Information System, choropleth maps and statistical analyses, it was found that the years with the highest notifications were preceded by actions of public awareness policies and that the detection rates of MTCT and incidence of CS grew exponentially, with CS below MTCT. Municipalities with low population density and with higher levels of poor and low education registered the highest rates, and that the cases of MTCT and CS are mostly young women who had access to Primary Care, but did not undergo treatment in a satisfactory way, evidencing that these diseases are related to inadequate treatment, gestational age, stage of the disease, socioeconomic, cultural and behavioral conditions that have determined the spread of the disease, and that characterize the growing epidemic in each region. Solutions aimed at the knowledge and strengthening of sexual, reproductive health and family planning initiated in adolescence are active strategies for the search for preventive exams and the correct use of STI prevention methods.