(In)Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e Agricultura Familiar: Práticas Agrícolas Sustentáveis nos Assentamentos do Bairro Ribeirão Bonito no município de Teodoro Sampaio - SP

Abstract

With the dismantling of public policies in favor of family farming and the extinction of CONSEA – Nactional Council for Food and Nutrition Security, by the last two governments, hunger worsened, however, the situation worsened when the World Health Organization – WHO declared the COVID-19 Pandemic, a situation that triggers a health, economic and social crisis around the world. In the midst of this scenario, the study was designed with the objective of; Investigating the conditions of Food and Nutritional (In) Security of family farmers in the Ribeirão Bonito Neighborhood Settlements ins Teodoro Sampaio – SP, through Public Policies in favor of Family Agriculture (PRONAF – National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture, PAA – Food Acquisition Program and PNAE – National School Feeding Program). The hypothesis adopted considers that the joint action of Public Policies in favor of Family Agriculture in Brazil with Sustainable Agricultural Practices (Biodiverse Systems, Agroecological Systems, Agroforestry Systems – SAFs, Organic System, Low Impact Logistics and Reduction of the Use of Pesticides) are capable of guarantee the SAN in the Object of Study. The Study was conducted by Research: Bibliographic, based on national and international scientific literature, in languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish, Quali-quantitative of descriptive character, Field Work, with the application of the Structured Questionnaire by the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity and Nutritional – EBIA, interviewing 40 households among 6 Settlements, the data were organized by the Described Statistical Analysis, Pearson and Spearman’s Coefficient Correlations of Correlations od Variables. The results point to an elderly populations, with an average age of 54 years, gender division of 19 women and 21 men, 60% self-declare as brown/black 40% with incomplete elementary school, average monthly income of 2606.00, evidencing that 52,5% are Rural Retirees, few had access to government programs, only 15% obtained Emergency Aid and 37.5% participate in the Bolsa Família Program. The majority of the population fit in the SAN state (n = 26 – 65%), the other 35% (n = 14) in the IAN state, divided into Mild level (n = 10 – 25%), Moderate and Severe (n = 4 – 10%). In an analysis by settlement, the worst situation found was that of Santa Rita da Serra, which reached 62.5% in the state of IAN. The most evident sustainable agricultural practices were Agroforestry System (52.5%) and Biodiverse System (45%). Public Policies are practically non-existent among farmers, the PAA and PRONAF (n = 30 – 75%), but without credit lines between the years 2021 – 2022 and the PNAE (n = 4 – 10%) were extinguished. According to the methodologies od Pearson and Spearman, it was proven that: the higher the age group, the fewer the years dedicated to studies, the higher the level of education of the head of the family, there are more residents in the household, both showing a positive correlation of rho 0.674 and rho 0.471, however, the smaller the batch size, the greater the probability of the resident being in IAN, negative correlation (rho – 0.411) and the adoption of Biodiverse Systems can provide up to 6 times more SAN, positive correlation (p = 0.011).