Desempenho agronômico, adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de batata-doce no Oeste Paulista

Abstract

The state of São Paulo is the second largest producer of sweet potatoes (140 thousand tons), with the western region of São Paulo being the main producing region. In this region, despite the considerable economic and social relevance of the culture, there is a predominance of outdated genotypes, causing low yields. Thus, to strengthen sweet potato cultivation in the west of São Paulo, an important step is to assess the potential of new genotypes. Considering the above information, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance, adaptability and stability of sweet potato genotypes in planting dates in the west of São Paulo. The experiments were installed in the municipalities of Presidente Prudente and Álvares Machado, on six planting dates: 09/21/2019; 01/31/2020; 04/24/2020; 09/01/2020; 10/30/2020; 12/28/2020, evaluating the cultivars: BRS Rubissol, BRS Amélia, Beauregard, Princesa, Brazlândia Branca, Brazlândia Rosada, Coquinho, SCS367 Favorita, SCS368 Ituporanga, SCS369 Águas Negras, SCS370 Luiza, SCS371 Katiy, SCS372 Marina, IAPAR 69, INIA Arapey and the UZBD 08, UZBD 01, UZBD 02, UZBD 06 (Canadian) and UZBD 07 (Ligeirinha) accesses. A block experimental design with randomized treatments was adopted. Total root production, commercial root production, number of commercial roots, average mass of commercial roots were evaluated; root length and diameter, root dry mass, surface defects and insect resistance. The analysis of phenotypic stability and adaptability was performed by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Centroid, using the statistical program Genes. It was verified that the white pulp and cream genotypes UZBD 06 and INIA Arapey; the orange and yellow pulp cultivars IAPAR 69 and SCS 372 Marina and the purple pulp genotypes UZBD 01 and 02 are promising for sweet potato cultivation in Oeste Paulista. The Centroid method indicated the UZBD 06 (Canadian) genotype and the IAPAR 69 and SCS 372 Marina cultivars with broad adaptability (adapted to all evaluated environments). The methodology described by Eberhart and Russell (1966) did not identify any genotype with broad adaptation. The different evaluation methods used are contemplated and increase the reliability of the recommendation.