Análise temporal e fatores de risco para toxoplasmose em gestantes de um município com alto número de assentamentos rurais, no sudeste do Brasil

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important and prevalent zoonosis caused by protozoan parasite. The disease is listed among the neglected tropical parasitic zoonosis that have been targeted for public health action. Brazil has one of the highest rates of T. gondii infection in humans. However, there is scarce information regarding the comparison of prevalence among different population, particularly pregnant women living in rural and urban areas. Herein, we aimed to compare the prevalence (IgG and IgM) for T. gondii in pregnant women of urban, districts and rural areas of a municipality in south-eastern Brazil with several rural settlements. In addition, risk factor associated to toxoplasmosis were also evaluated by uni and multivariate analysis. Information (age e residence area) were gathered from an electronic database, based on the period from January 2015 to December 2022. Anti-T. gondii were detected by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, in a total of 1614 tested serum in the studied period. It was observed an overall high seroprevalence IgG (54.0%; 95% CI: 51.3-56.4), particularly in rural area (61.1%; 95% CI: 56.6-65.4), followed by districts (55.9%; 95% CI: 50.4-61.3) and urban area (49.2%; 95% CI: 45., 852.6). Contrariwise, IgM (seroprevalence: 1.43%; 95%: CI; 0.95-2.1) was highest in pregnant women who lived in the city (52.2%), whereas in districts and rural are the rate was, respectively, 21.7% and 17.4%. Prevalence of IgG was directly proportional to age, particularly in pregnant aging from 31 to 45 years old. The high seroprevalence of IgG in pregnant women from rural areas and IgM in subjects living in the city, warranting for health educative programmes for preventing toxoplasmosis, independent on the local of residence of the female population.