Caracterização do concentrado de urucum com alto teor de bixina e composição centesimal do leite de ovelhas suplementadas com antioxidante natural em diferentes fases de lactação

Abstract

The objective of this research was to characterize the annatto concentrate, through the analysis of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, ether extract ( EE) and total digestible nutrients (NDT), also bioactive compounds composed of phenols, flavonoids, 2,2-azinobis radical capture (ABTS+) and iron reducing power (FRAP) and through their use, evaluate the effects of the product on the proximate chemical composition of milk, at different stages of lactation. The experiment was carried out at the UNOESTE Zootechnical Center, using 39 crossbred Dorper sheep, divided into three experimental groups (n=13) and the treatments were called: group 1 (CT), the annatto product control; group 2 (URU 0.5) with the addition of 0.5% of the annatto product and group 3 (URU 1.0) with the addition of 1% of the product per kg of feed. Milk samples were collected from the sheep every 10 days, until the lambs were weaned, which occurred at 45 days of age, resulting in a total of 5 milk collections. The milk samples were sent to the bromatology laboratory at UNOPAR, Londrina – Paraná, where analyzes of ash, dry extract (ES), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were carried out. For statistical analysis, a Shapiro-Wilk test was performed, following an analysis according to the result. If there was normality, the repeated measures ANOVA test was followed and if there was no normality, the Friedman test was performed. Data were evaluated using RStudio software. The results of the analysis of the annatto concentrate showed a high DM content and the CP content demonstrate that the product in question cannot be considered as a protein source, while the ash content demonstrates that it is a good source of minerals, and the values of NDF (51.07%), FDA (47.57%) and hemicellulose (4.5%) characterizing the product as fibrous. The EE value gives the concentrate a lipophilic character, making it insoluble in water and encompassing compounds of metabolic importance. The results of this study demonstrate a higher amount of total flavonoids and total phenolics in the product used. A sample of annatto concentrate showed a higher ABTS and FRAP value, when compared to other foods, and can be used as an antioxidant, as the value is similar to synthetic antioxidants. In the analysis of milk, a significant effect was only obtained for the lactation period for up to % CP, with a quadratic effect. In the other variables, dry extract and ether extract, there was no statistical difference (P<0.05). Observe the interaction of doses at the beginning and end of lactation x time, for variable ash, that is, for the total percentage of mineral matter. The highest ash content was presented at the end of lactation. The effect of the initial and final time of lactation occurred in all treatments. Concentrated doses of annatto and the lactation period influence the ash content in the milk, minimizing the use of the sheep's body reserves and the protein content of the milk is influenced by the lactation period.