Brincando com bonecos de pano: possibilidades de construção de valores morais e vínculos afetivos na pré-escola

Abstract

This dissertation was developed in the Postgraduate Program in Education at the Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), linked to line 2 of research: Training and action of teaching professionals and educational practices. Its theme is the construction of moral values and emotional bonds through playing with cloth dolls in Early Childhood Education (EI). And as guiding questions: how important is playing for child development? What is the contribution of building cloth dolls as a playing tool for the development of moral values and emotional bonds? In this research we describe an experience with a rag doll built by the children themselves, as well as the researcher's own experience with this type of project at EI, where in addition to playing and affection, the children expressed important values for development. Its general objective was to analyze and understand the importance of playing, the construction of moral values and emotional bonds in projects with cloth dolls and their contributions to child development. The research is based on the cognitive-evolutionary perspective and Early Childhood Education theories and legislation. This is an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The participants were a Pre II teacher at EI, 15 5-year-old students and the parents of these students; from a municipal school in a city in the interior of São Paulo. Data collection involved document analysis of documents from the Teaching Unit; face-to-face semi-structured interview in three parts with the teacher who was developing the experience in her classroom (teacher's profile; conceptions about playing and contributions before the project and her perceptions about the post-project experience); observation in the classroom by the researcher in the initial stage of the project with the rag doll; questionnaire for parents to answer during the research and a semi-structured in-person interview carried out by the researcher with the students at the end of the research, about the experience with building the rag doll and all stages of the project. To analyze the data, we partially resorted to Discursive Textual Analysis (ATD), which is a methodology used to analyze qualitative data. The results indicate that the construction of the doll was a significant learning experience for the children in several aspects, such as affective, moral values, creativity, and play. The family's involvement with the doll and their children shows how this type of activity can strengthen bonds and record special moments. And that a simple rag doll built by children has a much greater value than the best toy found in stores. In addition to keeping children away from cell phone and tablet screens. We hope with this study to encourage projects that involve the construction by students of cloth dolls and other objects, in a playful way to contemplate scientific and cultural content and especially an education in values and the construction of emotional bonds, important aspects for child development.