Análise morfológica, morfométrica e dimensão fractal na avaliação de colágeno em feridas tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo na forma líquida e gel em coelhos

Abstract

Collagen is the main element responsible for ensuring the structural strength of skin tissue, with type III collagen predominating compared to type I in the healing process. The regeneration process in the skin can be the result of various factors that imply an interruption in the continuity of body tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate type I and type III collagens and the morphological and morphometric aspects of dermal wounds treated with liquid and gel autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRPa) using the fractal dimension. A total of 18 animals were divided into three groups, control, PRPa gel and PRPa liquid with six animals each. Macroscopic and morphometric aspects did not differ significantly between the groups. The wounds remained pink at all times, with no necrotic areas, exudate or edema, suggesting no signs of bacterial infection. In the GPRPaL and GPRPaG groups, type I collagen fibers were better distinguished compared to type III collagen fibers, which were irregularly distributed. It can be concluded that both in the assessment of the percentage of contraction and in the analysis of the fractal dimension, the methods used proved to be effective in characterizing the evolution of dermal wound healing; all the treatments were effective and contributed to tissue repair, which occurred without any sign of secondary complication; at the end of the assessment, GPRPaG and GPRPaL showed a decrease in the fractal dimension, supporting the idea that the use of PRP provides a more regular and less complex organization of the collagen fibres. This implies a more uniform arrangement, with reduced variation in terms of fiber direction and density.