Dinâmica ambiental e sucessão ecológica das matas ripárias: avaliação da mastofauna e avifauna no alto curso do rio Santo Anastácio, Pontal do Paranapanema/SP

Abstract

Our thesis will investigate a fundamental part of forest ecosystems: riparian forests. A diagnosis of the mammal fauna and avifauna of the studied region will allow us to evaluate the environmental changes that directly impact the succession of riparian forests and investigate the interaction between local agricultural practices and the conservation of riparian forests, proposing strategies that promote sustainable development and the preservation of biodiversity in the Pontal do Paranapanema region. The thesis hypothesis – The loss of interdependent plant and animal species destabilizes the ecological systems in the Santo Anastácio River Basin. Such dynamics are evidenced by the variation in the successional stages of the Riparian Forests, which directly impacts the diversity and functional roles of birds and mammals in the region. For the survey data collection, we used the following methodology: direct observation methods, by means of linear transection; CARDIS database; features of ArcGis Software 10.8. The data on the use and occupation of the land of the Hydrographic Basin of the Upper Course of the Santo Anastácio River, shows pasture areas with few forest fragments, and mosaics of uses in a large part of the area, this reveals that anthropic actions are perennial in the region and have great disparity over forest areas, which concerns an area of 114.11 km² of land occupation (pasture), followed by mosaic of uses with 49.40 km², forest with an area of 18.66 km² and urban area with 10.54 km² of occupied area. The slope map of the upper course of the Santo Anastácio River basin shows the levels of slopes in which between 3% and 30% are represented. The steepest areas are in the eastern and southern sectors, near the headwaters of the tributaries of the Santo Anastácio River, while the flatter areas are near the mouth of the tributaries and the Santo Anastácio River itself, especially near the public supply dam. The analysis of the native vegetation cover in the upper course of the Santo Anastácio River reveals that the permanent preservation areas (PPAs) cover a total of 22.69 km². Within this extension, only 6.91 km², corresponding to 30.43%, are covered by native forests. Therefore, the analysis of the successional stages of riparian forests, based on the indices presented, highlights the complexity of these ecosystems and their relevance, verified by the statistical tests performed. The indisputable importance of riparian forests consists in the maintenance of biodiversity and the regulation of water processes in the hydrographic basin of the upper course of the Santo Anastácio River.