Análise morfofuncional cardíaca em ratos wistar submetidos a exposição crônica ao herbicida glifosato; tradução, adaptação cultural e avaliação de concordância da ferramenta SYRCLE-Rob para o português brasileiro

Abstract

This thesis was composed of two articles. The first article was entitled: Chronic high-dose inhalation exposure to the herbicide glyphosate affects cardiac remodeling without functional repercussions in rats, with the aim of evaluating the effects of different concentration of glyphosate on rat hearts following chronic inhalation exposure. So forty-two Wistar rats were exposed via inhalation and divided into three experimental groups (n=14 animals/group): a control group (C) exposed to nebulization with 10 ml of distilled water; a low concentration group (LC) exposed to 3.71x10−3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.i.a./ha); and a high concentration group (HC) exposed to 9.28x10−3 g.i.a./ha. The animals were exposed for 180 days (Monday to Friday). After the final exposure, echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function, and then the rats were euthanized. The heart was dissected, and the left ventricle was analyzed for histological changes, fibrosis, fractal dimension, immunohistochemical analysis for inflammation and apoptotic pathways, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Echocardiographic analysis did not reveal significant functional differences between the groups. Similarly, anatomical and histomorphometric analyses showed no structural modifications, and the BAX/BCL-2 ratio, indicative of apoptosis, remained unchanged. However, a significant increase in collagen was observed in the HC group compared to the C group, along with a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in both the LC and HC groups compared to the C group. Additionally, there was an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme CAT and a reduction in GST the HC group compared to the C group. It is concluded that chronic inhalation exposure to the herbicide glyphosate resulted in cardiac remodeling characterized by increased collagen with a protective adaptive response, without functional impairment. The second article was titled: Translation, cultural adaptation, and concordance evaluation of the syrcle-rob tool into brazilian portuguese, where the aim was to translate, adapt and validate the SYRCLE-RoB tool into Brazilian Portuguese. The translation of the tool was carried out following an international guide. After translation, back-translation and approval of the version by the creators, the tool, in Portuguese, was evaluated for agreement. For this, eleven articles involving experimental animals, which had intervention and in English were randomly chosen after consulting PubMed. The translated and adapted version of SYRCLE-RoB was applied in each study by 2 researchers. Statistical analysis: To analyze agreement between evaluators, the Fleiss kappa index was calculated for each item. Considering that SYRCLE-RoB contains 10 analysis items and 11 articles were used to evaluate, we calculated the percentage of agreement in 111 conditions. Total agreement was 53.33% (Cohen’s Kappa= 0.18) considering all items in the tool. The average agreement rate for items 1-7 was 76.19% (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.47). The SYRCLE-RoB instrument translated into Brazilian Portuguese showed moderate reliability, which can be considered valid for application in Portuguese as a form of methodological evaluation in pre-clinical studies.