Composto orgânico como condicionador de solo para controle de fitonematoides na integração de soja e pastagem safrinha

Abstract

The use of organic compounds in agriculture has been widely used among rural producers due to its versatility, mainly because it promotes the increase of microbial biodiversity associated with organic matter. The consequent increase in the activity of this biodiversity helps in the control of phytonematodes in sandy soils and increases the benefits provided by integrated cropping systems. In this sense, it is important to evaluate the effects of this practice under agricultural cultivation conditions in areas where the soil has this characteristic. Thus, it is possible to evaluate the control of phytonematodes, changes in biological and soil fertility attributes and soybean yield as a function of the application of organic compounds in the soil. The experiment was conducted for two years in the municipality of Caiuá - SP, in randomized blocks with three replications in the following treatments: soybean - Urochloa ruziziensis; soybean - Urochloa brizantha and soybean - Fallow. In the integrated systems, sub-plots were established that received the application of two tons of organic compound each year before sowing the soybean. Soil microbiology and fertility attributes and nematode occurrence were analyzed before and during soybean cultivation. The application of organic compost in integrated systems provided control of Helicotylenchus in the soil and Pratylenchus in soybean roots in succession to U. ruziziensis. Soybean yield increased in integrated systems that received organic compost, especially in the system with the presence of U. ruziziensis. Soil enzymatic activity, organic matter and humic acid concentration were increased in areas where organic compost was applied. The use of organic compost in the soil increased the abundance of fauna individuals in the soil.